Discourse of Language in Our Lives

Talk of Language in Our Lives Talk of Language in Our Lives Presentation At the point when a human beginning living in this world, at that point he receives set of decides and properties that become his personality and some of the time there are sure attributes that will characterize live and turn into our ID. The way which we embrace in our lives and the technique that we use become the piece of our personality and we are then perceived and known on terms of those attributes and characteristics. Indeed, even the basic assignments like strolling, talking, perusing and composing set us in a specific box and our societal position and the job is settled based on it. Various instruments are utilized to characterize a talk throughout everyday life and among that devices language is the most significant one being the social creature, we need to speak with individuals and to make relations with them. While living among the gathering of individuals, it gets basic to speak with them on consistent schedule and this correspondence procedure may change from individua ls to individuals. In addition, a solitary people may speak with various individuals diversely relying upon the economic wellbeing and the job of that individual in our lives. Here, utilization of language as the character of the individual and the job of language in our lives, while we speak with individuals. Examination Being a solitary individual we embrace various jobs in our lives and afterward these jobs give us the recognizable proof and decide our job in the lives of the others. Our correspondence and utilization of language is reliant on the individual we are conversing with, the social affair where we are, the present condition or the foundation of the correspondence. Every one of these components influence how we use language and how we cooperate with individuals. We embrace various talks with guardians, companions, instructors, kin, supervisors, associates and family members. We will talk about talks of guardians, companions and instructors. Our first correspondence and communication is consistently with our folks. The relationship that we have with our folks can't be created with some other individual on the planet. Since we are prone to watch our folks dealing with them and giving every one of us we need, so we feel obligated to them, all through our lives. In the kind of condition where I grew up, there was never choice of calling guardians with their first or Last name and it is viewed as a genuine insolence of the guardians. It is even viewed as lack of regard to rests or sit, when they are standing. So as to address my folks I call them by saying dear mother or dear dad. Regardless of how much kinship we have with our folks, it is compulsory to offer regard to them and to utilize the tone that shows regard for them. At the point when I should leave house, rather than advising them I would ask, may I go out for a trip with my companions or would i be able to go to the birthday part of my companion. In the event that I am eager I will ask, mother would i be able to have something to eat please? While speaking with guardians, it is fundamental to deal with the way that they are the ones who guided us for the duration of our lives and reserve the privilege to settle on choices for us. Indeed, even in deciding on a profession I asked that what do you propose is this choice ideal for me or should I think about something different. My relationship with companions is totally not the same as what is with the guardians. Normally we need to give no such consideration to the determination of language. We may utilize slangs and the vernacular discourse while chatting with the companions. In the earth, where I grew up, the last name of the companions is accepted and we call them with their last names just on the off chance that we feel more affiliation and love towards them. In the event that I have a genuine dear companion by the name of Thomas Butler, at that point I will call him like Hey Butler, how you doing and ordinarily the primary name are is taken for the companions with whom we are not inviting or in the start of our relationship. In the event that I am along with my companions, I would state, hello I am turning into a bear (utilized rather than eager as a bear), do you need me to eat you or will you give me something to eat? In the event that one of the companions tumble down and hurt himself, them compani ons first snicker at him and afterward ask, Hey ungainly, would you say you are alive? Additionally, on the off chance that somebody is I inconvenience it feel simpler and encouraging to state to him look before you shoot than saying that don’t stress this will be over soon. So, the language that is utilized with the companions is casual and informal. The spot from where I came, educators are viewed as otherworldly guardians. We shouldn't give them monikers or to try and contend with them. I used to converse with my educators with same regard that I provided for my folks, however the more proper one. In any case, since we have an expert connection with the instructors, along these lines, we need to utilize progressively formal and expert language. On the off chance that I need to look for direction with respect to my profession, at that point I would ask, ma’am/sir would you be able to please control me on the decision I have made and would you be able to make reference to what challenges I may feel in this vocation. We may ask our folks legitimately to our folks that we need your assistance in some issue, at the same time, from educator we used to ask that would you be able to pardon me and extra some an ideal opportunity for me, so I can talk about my issue with you. In the present setting wherein I am getting instruction , we are increasingly casual with educators that I used to be with my past instructors. At the point when we are formal with the instructors, we address them from their last name and we do make a meeting with them, however, presently the discussion is increasingly casual and here the educators treat understudies are the analysts and furthermore the individual from their own locale, as the understudies who will go along with them subsequent to finishing their investigations. Looking Forward In college the language that we use is more formal than what we have utilized for the duration of our lives. In the start of college life, the scholarly composing that we are instructed to do are as per the future needs for example the composing we ought to learn, so as to turn into a fruitful scientist and the essayist. Scholastic composing is increasingly formal in light of the fact that the vast majority of the work that is done in scholastics is inquire about related and the data that we need to present to the individuals, should be exact and keeping in mind that introducing that data and the language that we use needs t be the specialized one on the grounds that the utilization of specialized language lessens difficulties and the length of the composition. Since the individuals are working at a similar level, in college, so we don’t need to include pointless subtleties and casual language, to make it justifiable for individuals. When before composing this piece, I experienced a progression of steps, similar to how to peruse the material that is given to use, before composing the paper and how to give thoughts officially and an example that they appear to be effectively reasonable, it is likewise expected that the data that we present is finished and answer all the inquiries, that may come in the psyches of the individuals. In scholarly composition, it is normal that the individual should utilize formal language, specialized subtleties proficient style and the precise data. This data and style is fundamental in scholastic composing on the grounds that, the data that is available by one analyst fills in as the wellspring of data and detail, for the other, so the data that is introduced, ought to be exact and introduced in a way that it is effectively comprehensible and reasonable. Such desires from scholastic composing are because of the need that one individual. So as to turn into a decent scholarly author, i t is basic to have the qualities of good essayist, at the same time, likewise, it is patched to have the information on the specific field, in which we are working with the goal that our scholastic composing can turn into the real wellspring of information for the others. It is relied upon for us to introduce new thoughts identified with our field and to introduce them in generally precise and proficient way. It is unquestionably expected to turn into a decent author provided that we realize how to share data in an appropriate way then we can turn out to be genuine effective essayist and these are very similar things that I additionally anticipate from me to be the expert scholastic author since they can guarantee my prosperity and will help me in turning into the author who can introduce thoughts in most reasonable way. Reflection We may receive various jobs throughout everyday life and may discuss contrastingly with individuals based on that job, in any case, there are sure terms that don't change and never leave our site, regardless, in which condition we are in and these properties stay with all of us the time. while I was youthful, I was instructed that we have various relations with various individuals, at the same time, what should be recalled that all relations request regard and a connection gets more grounded on the off chance that we give individuals their space and never be hostile in the utilization of language. I accept that this talk of my folks never walked out on me. Independent of the way that what sort of individuals I am speaking with, guardians educators, companions, kin, colleagues, individuals of other social class or other religion or culture, I never utilize hostile language or tone. I don't do it deliberately, yet it has become the piece of my character and never leaves me. In any case, we positively change our selves while being with others. It tends to be very much clarified by Howard Giles Communication Accommodation hypothesis. We by and large need to be valued by the individuals and need to be felt as the piece of network or gathering we are conversing with and at times we need to isolate ourselves from the gathering. For this situation we unwittingly receive various tones and styles of the individuals with which we are imparting. At the point when we are among the gathering of individuals, we would prefer not to feel that we are disregarded and are not part of that gathering, that why we will in general change our selves and we will in general discuss diversely with various kinds of individuals and this thing has become the fundamental craft of our characters and we presently continue doing it, without really thinking about it. Subsequent to joining the college we are instructed thorou

Free Essays on The Problem of Software Piracy

Presentation The well known origination of programming robbery is that it is the action of a minority of confined privateer specialists, replicating and exchanging programming for their own utilization. Microsoft's claims mirror a reality that product robbery has extended from the rooms of PC wiz children to a worldwide exchange taken programming representing untold billions of dollars in lost income to the product business. In any case, Microsoft's announcement is considerably additionally telling, in that it shows the effect of programming robbery goes a long ways past lost salary for programming organization investors. It influences lost positions in neighborhood economies, lost expense incomes to governments, and diminished quality and expanded costs for buyers whether private people, instructive establishments, or organizations. So as to consider the intricate issue of programming theft, we plan to lead a five stage moral examination. We will start by expressing the realities. We will give close consideration to who did what to whom, how much, and the amount it truly costs. We will likewise portray the monetary and lawful condition of the issue. Second, we will depict the contention. We will portray the contending higher request esteems. Next, we will recognize the partners. Past the prompt contenders in this contention, there are other people who have a vested keen on the result. Fourthly, it will be important to characterize potential choices to alleviate the contention. At last, we'll have to depict the outcomes of every conceivable goals, so we may show up at a sensible suggestion. In the wake of talking about the moral examination I have depicted the degree and nature of theft in part 2. Section 3 is comprising of the potential viability and endeavors to stop it. Part 4 depends on an inquiry that can programming maker despite everything turn a benefit without stressing over theft? Lastly part 5 investigates the Business Software Alliance’s (BSA) Software Policy and the law. ... Free Essays on The Problem of Software Piracy Free Essays on The Problem of Software Piracy Presentation The famous origination of programming theft is that it is the action of a minority of confined privateer specialists, replicating and exchanging programming for their own utilization. Microsoft's charges mirror a reality that product robbery has extended from the rooms of PC wiz children to a worldwide exchange taken programming representing untold billions of dollars in lost income to the product business. In any case, Microsoft's announcement is much additionally telling, in that it shows the effect of programming theft goes a long ways past lost pay for programming organization investors. It influences lost positions in neighborhood economies, lost expense incomes to governments, and diminished quality and expanded costs for buyers whether private people, instructive foundations, or organizations. So as to examine the perplexing issue of programming robbery, we plan to lead a five stage moral investigation. We will start by expressing the realities. We will give close consideration to who did what to whom, how much, and the amount it truly costs. We will likewise portray the financial and legitimate condition of the issue. Second, we will depict the contention. We will depict the contending higher request esteems. Next, we will recognize the partners. Past the quick candidates in this contention, there are other people who have a vested intrigued by the result. Fourthly, it will be important to characterize potential choices to moderate the contention. At long last, we'll have to depict the results of every conceivable goals, so we may show up at a sensible suggestion. In the wake of examining the moral examination I have depicted the degree and nature of robbery in section 2. Section 3 is comprising of the potential adequacy and endeavors to stop it. Section 4 depends on an inquiry that can programming maker despite everything turn a benefit without stressing over robbery? Lastly part 5 investigates the Business Software Alliance’s (BSA) Software Policy and the law. ...

Women In Translation Month Moving Forward

Women In Translation Month Moving Forward Women In Translation Month only lasts until the end of August but there’s so much to look forward to the rest of the year (and beyond). Who better to ask about upcoming works by women in translation than the women who are translating them? We asked seven translators to tell us about the projects they are excited to be working on. Margaret Carson translates fiction, poetry, essays and drama from the Spanish. Her translations include Sergio Chejfec’s My Two Worlds and Mercedes Roffé’s Theory of Colors. She is a former co-chair of the PEN Translation Committee. Im currently translating De Homo Rodans and Other Writings  by one of my favorite artists, the Spanish surrealist  Remedios Varo (Anglés, Spain 1908-Mexico City 1963). The book will include a variety of short pieces: a pseudo scientific essay on the discovery of a wheeled humanlike creature (the title piece), imaginary letters, a dream journal, a few short, strange tales, and comments she made in letters to her brother on some of her most famous paintings. I found the book I’m basing the translation on long ago in the legendary Gandhi bookstore in Coyoacán, Mexico City, but it wasn’t until the superb Wakefield Press opened shop a few years ago that I found an enthusiastic publisher. Should be out in 2017. Franca Simpson is a freelance translator and founder of Calisi Press, an independent publishing house dedicated to translating Italian women writers for English readers. I liked Donatella Di Pietrantonio’s first novel, My Mother Is a  River, so much that I set up Calisi Press last year to introduce it to the English-speaking public.  Examining the difficult relationship between a middle-aged woman and her mother, and how it changes when the mother is affected by dementia, this is a deeply emotional story told without any sentimentality or mawkishness. The same affecting but unsentimental approach to relationships characterises Donatella’s second novel, Bella Mia, which explores the dynamics of a family in the aftermath of the earthquake that devastated L’Aquila in 2009. Bella Mia will be published by Calisi in November 2016. Susan Bernofsky translates German-language literature and directs the program on literary translation at Columbia University. She is a 2014 Guggenheim Fellow and has won multiple awards for her work, including the 2015 Independent Foreign Fiction Prize for her translation of Jenny Erpenbeck’s novel The End of Days. Yoko Tawada’s novel Memoirs of a Polar Bear (forthcoming from New Directions this November â€" just in time for an early snow?) is one of my all-time favorites among the books I’ve translated. It’s a playful tale of several generations of polar bears who live in human society (speaking Russian, German, maybe some English, and in distant memory Northpolish), freelancing and working at theaters, circuses, and zoos. Not quite PG either. After reading it, you’ll be surprised to learn how much was based on actual real-life people and events. Oh, and who knew that polar bears have authored ethnic minority literature? Valerie Miles is is a publisher, writer, translator and the coâ€"founder of Granta en español.  Below is an excerpt from her translation of Marina Perezagua’s novel, Yoro which she is currently translating for Ecco Press. “What you are about to read is the mark of a white-hot iron on a mule’s rump, a rill eroded into granite by the rain, the bowing of a tree caused by hardwearing winds. That’s right, this is the logical response of a sensitive nature, my story. A story that was written by me, but set in motion by the fate woven by others from above. As you continue on, you may come across the likeness of some colleague of yours, or someone familiar to you, or even yourself. If you don’t like what you find, just go ahead and break the mirror or burn what you’ve read, but you’ll never be rid of the toxin, the rotting guts that contaminate the rivers, seas, wombs, and fields. And you’ll never be able to take from me the joy I’ve come to know. I call myself H because I’ve always been deprived of having a voice, and a Spanish man once told me that h is the silent letter in his language. This letter will be my name, seeing as it’s a name I share with many other mute fellows who might discover their own voices herein. You’ll find me soon, I think. I won’t resist, as this story is my resistance. Whoever comes to detain me will see the same brown river that I am gazing at now, this same African refuge that’s allowed me to transcribe my testimony these latter days. Perhaps my captor is already so close he’ll see the same hippopotamus I’m watching this very instant, in the same position, with the same bird on top, drying off in the sun as if there were no such thing as hell.” Elisabeth Jaquette is a translator from the Arabic. Her first novel-length translation is The Queue by Basma Abdel Aziz (to be published by Melville House in 2016), which received a 2014 English PEN Translates Award. The Queue is a novel of dystopic-realism or perhaps surrealism? set after a failed uprising in an unnamed Arab country. It has great political relevance to our world today, and also stands out for Basma’s depictions of a wide range of female characters. Its my favorite project to date, largely because working with Basma was such a joy: she’s very conscious of her choices as a writer, and interested in discussing the linguistic and cultural issues that translation brings up. Ruth Clarke is a translator working from Spanish, French, and Italian. Her translation of the Italian writer Cristina Caboni’s first novel, The Secret Ways of Perfume, was published in both the UK and the United States. She is currently at work translating Caboni’s The Keeper of Bees and Honey. Cristina Caboni’s bestselling debut novel, The Secret Ways of Perfume, has been translated into 23 languages. Her work draws on her passion for the outdoors. When Caboni isn’t writing or tending roses, you’ll find her with her bees â€" the subject matter for her second book, The Keeper of Bees and Honey. Both stories are driven by strong female characters. “Women are always a great source of inspiration for me”, Caboni says, “they never give up, and despite their difficulties, they always manage to face life with a smile.” Charlotte Whittle  translates from Spanish.  She is a co-translator of Eduardo González Viaña’s novel, César Vallejo’s Season in Hell. Below, she tells us about her current project. Norah Lange (1905-1972) was an Argentine novelist, poet, and memoirist who participated in some of the key moments of the Argentine avant-garde. Her novel Personas en la sala (1950) is narrated by a young voyeuse obsessed with three women who live in the house opposite her own. As she describes their daily rituals, her meandering sentences betray her imaginative excesses, and the novel becomes a series of episodic, almost hallucinatory imaginings that illuminate the stifling nature of the domestic sphere.  Lange’s work has long been neglected, and I hope this translation will bring her some of the attention she deserves.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) And Its Effect On...

This essay discusses Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and its effect on combat soldiers involved in the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars. The goal of this paper is to inform others about what the soldiers deal with during and after combat and the different treatments available for them to cope with and hopefully overcome this disorder. PTSD is an anxiety disorder that develops when someone is witness to or experiences a traumatic event. PTSD has specific symptoms resulting from traumatic life threatening experiences. Symptoms resulting from the event must be present in a certain way over a period of time and for certain duration. A person who witnesses two or more traumatic events in a short amount of time can cause the brain to release the hormone glucocorticoid which helps control the response to stress. When this hormone is low or depleted and a second traumatic event takes place before the hormone is replenished in the brain, the stress becomes even more intensified thus increasing the person’s chances of developing PTSD. Most people who develop PTSD get better but 1 out of 3 people may continue to have some symptoms over their lifetime. The main symptom of PTSD is reliving the traumatic experience through flashbacks and nightmares. Other symptoms include soldiers avoiding situations, people or conversations that would remind them of the trauma. They tend to avoid memories by becoming numb, distant, or stop showing love towards others. Activities, such as sports, thatShow MoreRelatedWhat are the effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on a Soldier?1229 Words   |  5 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder We usually think of war injuries as being physical, although one of the most common war injuries is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and the effects can be devastating. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is an emotional illness classified as an anxiety disorder and usually develops because of a terribly frightening, life-threatening, or otherwise highly unsafe event, often experienced in combat. Although this condition has likely existed since humans have enduredRead MoreToday’s Soldier: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesinjuries as being physical, although one of the most common war injuries is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and the effects can be devastating. PTSD is an emotional illness classified as an anxiety disorder and usually develops because of a terribly frightening, life-threatening, or otherwise highly unsafe event, often experienced in combat. Although this condition has likely existed since humans have endured trauma, PTSD has only been recognized as a formal diagnosis since 1980 and statisticsRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Soldiers966 Words   |  4 PagesPost-traumatic Stress Disorder among Soldiers Soldiers witness massive amounts of torment while fighting. This usually causes the post-traumatic stress disorder to take place in their lives soon after. PTSD is a disorder that develops in [several] people who have experienced a shocking, scary, or dangerous event (NIMH, 2016). Koren, Norman, Cohen, Berman, Klein (2005), conducted research and examined a study and it â€Å"clearly indicate that bodily injury is a major risk factor for among soldiersRead MoreSoldiers and PTSD Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesMilitary Pathway (2013) concluded â€Å"Military life, especially the stress of deployments or mobilizations, can present challenges to service members and their families that are both unique and difficult†. Hence, it is not surprising that soldiers returning from a stressful war environment often suffer from a psychological condition called Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. This paper provides a historical perspective of PTSD affecting soldiers, and how this illne ss has often been ignored. In addition,Read MorePtsd Is A Whole Body Tragedy, An Integral Human Event Of Enormous Proportions With Massive Repercussions Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pagessaid, â€Å"PTSD is a whole-body tragedy, an integral human event of enormous proportions with massive repercussions†. Veterans returning from war should be able to overcome post-traumatic stress disorder by going to health professionals or getting help with counseling. What is PTSD? Post-traumatic stress disorder is a life-threatening exposure in which an individual experiences a flashback to a traumatic event, such as war. Combat often substantially affects the soldier’s minds, but post-traumatic stressRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1600 Words   |  7 Pagesthe effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, on the armed forces. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a medical condition that affects the physiology of the brain. It commonly affects those who have experienced or witnessed stressful events, such as war. PTSD was generally referred to as â€Å"shell-shock† in the military, until an improved and more inclusive definition of the disease was discovered. 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These studies were applied to a wide variety of traumas that people have experienced in various horrific events. According to The National Institute of Mental Health, â€Å"about 4% of American adults ages 18-54 suffers from PTSD in a given year. These people have served in wars, have been rapedRead MoreZiek Sanchez. Massie And Perry . Pd. 3. April 12, 2017.1113 Words   |  5 PagesZiek Sanchez Massie and Perry Pd. 3 April 12, 2017 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder From The Vietnam War The Vietnam war was one of the most alarming and dangerous wars to fight. Every step in the Vietnam jungle was taken cautiously. The guerrilla warfare used by the Vietcong was frightening to anticipate. The majority of the United States army was only that of young men who had been chosen through the draft. Young men going to school and living a life at home in safety all the sudden having to makeRead More Implications of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder for War Veterans1577 Words   |  7 PagesImplications of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder for War Veterans War is a complex concept that is increasingly difficult to understand, particularly in an age that allows for live images of combat to be beamed around the world. Many war films depict the brutalities of war and affects war has on participants, but it seems that these representations merely skim the surface. The 20th century is an era that saw a significant amount of military action: World Wars I and II, the Cold War, Vietnam

The Death Of Lord Of The Flies By William Golding

Let it Burn The warmth of a fire will grow cold, the brightness of a fire will turn black and ascend in the air as dark clouds, and the smell of nature will eventually be smothered by smoke. When a fire is alive, it is mesmerizing. However, when it dies, it is hardly hypnotizing. Obviously, one is better than the other. Unfortunately, the boys in Lord of The Flies seem to blur the line between life and death. What is one murder here and one murder there? As long as the one doing the killing is not dying too, right? Well what if it is? As more and more lives slipped out from under them, the fire was dying, along with the boys’ humanity and chances of being rescued. The fire in Lord of The Flies symbolizes both life, and death. The boys use the smoke of the fire to signal that they need rescuing, but they also use the fire to obliterate both man and animal. Ever since the beginning of the novel, Ralph was fixated on keeping a signal fire going because that was the only hope that they would be rescued. In order to do this, the boys gathered all the dry wood they could find, and used Piggy s glasses to start a fire. When Ralph first introduced the fire idea, he said, â€Å"If a ship comes near the island they may not notice us. So we must make smoke on top of the island. We must make a fire† (38). After this statement was made, the boys all chanted in agreement. For in the beginning of the novel, they all wanted to be rescued, they all wanted to survive, and most importantly, theyShow MoreRelated Struggle Between Good and Evil in William Goldings Lord of the Flies1186 Words   |  5 PagesGood and Evil in William Goldings Lord of the Flies   Ã‚  Ã‚   Evil is not an external force controlled by the devil, but rather the potential for evil resides within each person. Man has the potential to exhibit great kindness or to rape and pillage. In the novel Lord of the Flies, William Golding deals with this evil that exists in the heart of man. With his mastery of such literary tool as structure, syntax, diction, point of view and presentation of character, Golding allows the readerRead MoreApa: Comparison Between the Hunger Games and Lord of the Flies1576 Words   |  7 Pagesgroup and individual survival between the Hunger Games by Suzanne Collin, Lord of the Flies by William Golding, and the 1990 film of Lord of the Flies directed by Harry Hook. BY: Becky Coutlee April, 23, 2012 D.Smith Comparing and contrasting the similarities and difference of group and individual survival between the Hunger Games by Suzanne Collin, Lord of the Flies by William Golding, and the 1990 film of Lord of the Flies directed by Harry Hook. â€Å"And while the law of competition may be sometimesRead MoreWilliam Golding1565 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Gerald Golding published his first book in 1954 at the age of forty-three. He had a late start, but that did not hinder his writing ability. Golding grew up in Cornwall, England and joined the British Royal Navy at the age of thirty-nine. Consequently, he was in World War II and witnessed the D-Day invasion at Normandy, which destroyed his optimism and scarred him for life. William Golding was a well achieved and admired person in British literature, and his life experiences, includingRead MoreLord Of The Flies : Representation Of Violence And War1611 Words   |  7 PagesLord Of The Flies: Representation Of Violence and War Dietrich Bonhoeffer, a German theologian, states that â€Å" The ultimate test of a moral society is the kind of world that it leaves to its children.† In William Golding’s Lord Of The Flies, societal topics run rampant throughout the text with Golding’s use of individuals to represent different aspects of society. Many writers view the Lord Of The Flies as an allegory, as societal topics such as politics make appearances throughout the text. InRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1044 Words   |  5 PagesSimilar to most literary classics, William Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies contains allusions to the Christian Bible and character archetypes that convey universal ideas. Golding’s story focuses on a group of British schoolboys who are stranded on an island and ultimately succumb to their innate savage tendencies. Literary analysts often compare components of Lord of the Flies to various aspects in the Christian Bible. For instance, the setting in Lord of the Flies is often linked to the Garden ofRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1389 Words   |  6 PagesA response to Lord Of The Flies Imagine an airplane crash. The heat of flames scorch passengers’ backs in addition to the wind burning their faces. Lucky, this crash was over water and near an island so most passengers survive, with an exception of the airplane staff and the pilot. Even though alive, many are in fits of fear and panic, and others are in shock. After hurried deliberation, a lone member of the group is elected leader in hopes that they will calm the panic, and make the hard, but necessaryRead MoreAllegories In William Goldings Lord Of The Flies885 Words   |  4 Pagesrevolutionized his field with his model of the human psyche. According to his model, the mind is divided into three aspects: the id, ego, and superego. William Golding’s allegorical novel, Lord of the Flies, employs these three aspects of the psyche through intricate characterization representing the concepts of id, ego, and superego. Lord of the Flies tells the story of a group of young British boys who are stranded on an island in the South Pacific. They become trapped when their plane is shot downRead MoreLord of the Flies Nature of Man1726 Words   |  7 PagesLord of the Flies: The Nature of Man William Golding’s Lord of the Flies is a gritty allegory of adolescence, innocence, and the unspoken side of human nature. Countless social issues are portrayed, however one of the most reoccurring is the nature of man. Throughout the novel there is an ever-present focus on the loss of innocence amongst the boys, shown by the deterioration of social skills and their retrogression into a barbaric form of society. Also portrayed is the juxtaposition of a cruelRead MoreWilliam Golding Research Paper838 Words   |  4 PagesMay 2012 Through the Eyes of William Golding William Golding was an amazing and artistic author. His versatile writings, visionary view on life, and the way he inputted subtle and special hints of his religious views are what made his career. Goldings life began on September 19, 1911 when he was born in UK, St. Columb Minor to a Mr. and Mrs. Golding. Alex Golding, his father, was a schoolteacher. While Mildred Golding, his mother, was a suffragette. Although Golding was born in St. Columb MinorRead MoreFear Vs Macbeth1147 Words   |  5 Pagesbehavior. Macbeth’s nature is greatly altered after the death of King Duncan provokes his desire to become king. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies explains how the fear of the unknown is the source of survival instinct in everyone. The murders of Simon and Piggy bring unorthodox chaos upon the island, turning the young boys against each other. Together, Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Golding’s Lord of the Flies illustrate consequences derived from the deaths of influential characters and from irrational behavior

Why Do People Talk About Others Free Essays

I have written my first essay. It took me hours and hours, and I just gave up. Please provide some constructive feedback. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do People Talk About Others? or any similar topic only for you Order Now I know nothing beats practise, practise, practise, but some guide in the right direction would be muchly appreciated. Thanking in advise. Here goes: – We cannot control the evil tongues of others; but a good life enables us to disregard them. Cato the Elder (234 BC – 149 BC) There is so much good in the worst of us, And so much bad in the best of us, That it hardly behooves any of us To talk about the rest of us. Edward Wallis Hoch (1849 – 1925), Marion (Kansas) Record Never tell evil of a man, if you do not know it for certainty, and if you know it for a certainty, then ask yourself, ‘Why should I tell it? ‘ Johann K. Lavater A rumor without a leg to stand on will get around some other way. John Tudor Scandal is gossip made tedious by morality. Oscar Wilde (1854 – 1900), Lady Windermere’s Fan, 1892, Act III Why do we talk about other people? Oscar Wilde’s statement â€Å"Scandal is gossip made tedious by morality† shows something of the reason we talk about other people. Gossip relieves boredom. Gossiping carries such a negative connotation that few will proudly own to have done so, but few can say that they have not. Even John Tudor suggests that gossiping is a wide spread method of relieving boredom, when he said â€Å"A rumour without a leg to stand on will get around some other way. † For this reason, I somewhat agree with Cato the Elder’s quote â€Å"We cannot control the evil tongues of others, but a good life enables us to disregard them. † For gossip is so common as to be navoidable. If gossip causes one discomfort, one will be living with discomfort all their life. Is it not a good life’s phillosphy to accept this fact and not let other’s ‘evil’ tongue bother you? While accepting gossiping is a part of life, others attempt to advise us against gossiping. Edward Willis Hoch’s quote† There is so much good in the worst of us, and so much bad in the best of us, that it hardly behooves any of us to talk about the rest of us. † suggests that there is not much point in gossiping. Also against gossiping is the the ‘think before you speak’ phillosophy because as Tudor implies, rumour will spread and Lavater’s â€Å"Why should I tell it? â€Å". These advice stem from the morality of giving respect for other’s privacy, but they do not consider that the reason people gossip: the innate craving for learning, the comfort of having company and connection with other people. While some may say, there must be better things to learn about. Having company doesn’t require talking about other people, there are other ways to connect. Yes, but why must we NOT talk about others? When talking about other people, we can: State facts: He has gone to London for a holiday. Give Opinion: They are married. What a bad match! Lie: She didn’t do anything today! When we say facts, we are passing information. However, the same fact said can mean different things depending on the intent of the speaker. A child saying a by-passer is fat is simply stating an observation. Another person my say the same thing it to demean others. When we lie, it can be done with good intent. Thus it is the intent of the speaker that people are concerned about, not the gossip itself. It is through knowing one’s action that one can learn from their mistakes, but one can only do so much! To learn from other’s mistake is to not step in it yourself. If we do not talk about others, then one can only learn by doing things themshelves. Would this perhaps defeat the purpose of the education system? Does the benefit of learning not outweigh the intrusion into other’s ‘privacy’? Not all gossip invades privacy. Gossip is a way people communicate, and learn. Gossip itself is not the immoral act, it is the intent of the gossiper that makes the act immoral or otherwise. How to cite Why Do People Talk About Others?, Essay examples

Law and Management

Legal changes can profoundly change the work of managers who have to take many decisions that have significant implications for their organizations. These professionals should know whether their actions comply with existing laws. More importantly, these people need to know how to protect the interest of their companies in the court.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Law and Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition to that, employees should make sure that their rights are not violated. Therefore, it is important to learn more about the application of employment law. These questions can be better discussed by examining online resources that provide information about legal aspects of managerial work. At first, this question can be discussed from the perspective of employees who are often disempowered by the senior managers. For instance, some people do not ask for extra compensation when they work overt ime. In their opinion, such a request can lead to the dissatisfaction of the management. The main issue is that an employee is obliged to provide extra reimbursement to a worker. In particular, the pay rate should be at least â€Å"one and one-half times the regular rate† (H. G. 2013). This is a requirement which is included in the Fair Labor Standards Act (H. G. 2013). Additionally, some of the employees do not know that they can be discriminated by the management on the basis of gender, race, or ethnicity. For instance, people, who are older than forty, can be rejected as candidates for employment. The main problem is that such a policy contradicts employment legislation adopted in the United States. These examples show that workers can benefit from the knowledge of employment legislation. Moreover, the knowledge of law is vital for managers and employees. For instance, managers of a company have a right to resist the unionization of workers. Moreover, they are not obliged to comply with the demands of trade unions (The United States Department of Labor, 2013). The managers of private firms have to find ways of making their organizations more sustainable. Cost-reduction is one of the strategies that they can adopt. Therefore, they need to know how to justify their decisions from a legal perspective. This is one of the aspects that can be identified.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, the owners of small businesses should know when it is legal for them to terminate an employee. Similarly, the managers of these organizations should know how to avoid lawsuits related to discrimination. In many cases, the firms that are accused of this behavior can be simply blackmailed by the candidates or employees. Furthermore, managers or entrepreneurs should know what kind of steps they should take while hiring workers. For instance, they should mak e sure that a person is eligible for the work in the United States (U.S. Small Business Administration, n. d.). Moreover, managers should clearly inform employees about their rights and duties (U.S. Small Business Administration, n. d.). This step is critical for avoiding possible legal conflicts. To a great extent, these precautions can help small business avoid many pitfalls. These cases suggest that managers should know how to protect the peculiarities of labor legislation in order to protect their interests. Overall, the knowledge of employment legislation is critical for the management and employees. These stakeholders should know how to defend their rights. In particular, managers should know how to protect the interests of their firms. In turn, workers should receive proper compensation for their efforts. Reference List H.G. (2013). Employment Law – Guide to Labor Law. Retrieved from https://www.hg.org/employ.html The United States Department of Labor. (2013). Summary of the Major Laws of the  Department of Labor. Retrieved from https://www.dol.gov/general/aboutdol/majorlaws#veterans U.S. Small Business Administration. (n. d.). Hire Your First Employee. Retrieved from https://www.sba.gov/business-guide/manage-your-business/hire-manage-employees This essay on Law and Management was written and submitted by user Brady Morton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Impact of Monetary Policy on Companies Profitability and Its Valuation Essays

Impact of Monetary Policy on Companies Profitability and Its Valuation Essays Impact of Monetary Policy on Companies Profitability and Its Valuation Essay Impact of Monetary Policy on Companies Profitability and Its Valuation Essay Meaning of monetary policy Monetary policy is the management of money supply and interest rates by central banks to influence prices and employment. Monetarypolicy works through expansion or contraction of investment and consumption expenditure. Monetary policy is the process by which the government, central bank (RBI in India), or monetary authority of a country controls : (i) The supply of money (ii) Availability of money (iii) Cost of money or rate of interest In order to attain a set of objectives oriented towards the growth and stability of the economy. Monetary theory provides insight into how to craft optimal monetary policy. Monetary policy is referred to as either being an expansionary policy, or a contractionary policy, where an expansionary policy increases the total supply of money in the economy, and a contractionary policy decreases the total money supply. Expansionary policy is traditionally used to combat unemployment in a recession by lowering interest rates, while contractionary policy involves raising interest rates in order to combat inflation. Monetary policy is contrasted with fiscal policy, which refers to government borrowing, spending and taxation. Credit policy is not only a policy concerned with changes in the supply of credit but it can be and is much more than this. Credit is not merely a matter of aggregate supply, but becomes more important factor since there is also issue of its allocation among competing users. There are various sources of credit and other aspects of credit that need to be looked into are its cost and other terms and conditions, duration, renewal, risk of default etc. Thus the potential domain of credit policy is very wide. Where currency is under a monopoly of issuance, or where there is a regulated system of issuing currency through banks which are tied to a central bank, the monetary authority has the ability to alter the money supply and thus influence the interest rate in order to achieve policy goals. Monetary policy, also described as money and credit policy, concerns itself with the supply of money as so of credit to the economy. Objective of monetary policy The objectives are to maintain price stability and ensure adequateflow of credit to the productive sectors of the economy. Stability ofthe national currency (after looking at prevailing economicconditions), growth in employment and income are also looked into. The monetary policy affects the real sector through long and variable periods while the financial markets are also impacted through shorttermimplications. Major objectives can be summarized as under: i) To promote and encourage economic growth in the economy amp; ensure the economic stability at full employment or potential level of output. It aims to achieve the twin objectives of meeting in full the needs of production and trade, and at the same time moderating the growth of money supply to contain the inflationary pressures in the economy. ii) Sectorial deployment of Funds. Depending upon the priorities laid down in the plans, the RBI has determined the allocation of funds, as also the interest rates among the different sectors. There are four main channels which the RBI looks at: * Quantum channel: money supply and credit (affects real outputand price level through changes in reserves money, moneysupply and credit aggregates). * Interest rate channel. Exchange rate channel (linked to the currency). * Asset price. Price stability has evolved as the dominant objective of monetary policy for sustaining economic growth and ensuring orderly conditions in the financial markets with increasing openness of the Indian economy The fundamentalidea is that it is only in a low and stable inflation environment that economic growt h can be continued. Monetary policy also aims to be directly supportive of growth by ensuring that the credit requirements of various segments are met adequately through an appropriate credit delivery and credit pricing mechanism and a conducive credit culture. Monetary decisions today take into account a wider range of factors, such as: * short term interest rates; * long term interest rates; * velocity of money through the economy; * exchange rate * credit quality * bonds and equities (corporate ownership and debt) * government versus private sector spending/savings * international capital flow of money on large scales * financial derivatives such as options, swaps and future contracted. Monetary policy tools The monetary authority uses various instruments of monetary control in order to influence the goal variables in desired directions and degrees. The target variables are variables which the monetary authority tries to control or influence so as to influence the goal variables in the desired manner. To serve the target function well, a chosen target variable should possess the following four qualifications: a) It should be closely related to goal variables and this relation should be well understood and reliably estimable, b) It should be rapidly affected by policy instruments, c) Non-policy influences on it should be relatively small,i. , small relative to policy influences, and d) It should be readily observable (a measurable) with little or no time lag. Traditionally three variables have served as candidates for monetary-policy targets. They are: money supply, bank credit, and interest rates in securities market. Various Monetary policy tools are: i. Monetary base Monetary policy can be implemented by changing the size of the monetary base. This directly changes the total amount of money circulating in the economy. A centra l bank can use open market operations to change the monetary base. The central bank would buy/sell bonds in exchange for hard currency. When the central bank disburses/collects this hard currency payment, it alters the amount of currency in the economy, thus altering the monetary base. ii. Reserve requirements The monetary authority exerts regulatory control over banks. Monetary policy can be implemented by changing the proportion of total assets that banks must hold in reserve with the central bank. Banks only maintain a small portion of their assets as cash available for immediate withdrawal; the rest is invested in illiquid assets like mortgages and loans. By changing the proportion of total assets to be held as liquid cash, the Federal Reserve changes the availability of loanable funds. This acts as a change in the money supply. Central banks typically do not change the reserve requirements often because it creates very volatile changes in the money supply due to the lending multiplier. iii. Discount window lending Many central banks or finance ministries have the authority to lend funds to financial institutions within their country. By calling in existing loans or extending new loans, the monetary authority can directly change the size of the money supply. v. Interest rates The contraction of the monetary supply can be achieved indirectly by increasing the nominal interest rates. Monetary authorities in different nations have differing levels of control of economy-wide interest rates. The Federal Reserve can set the discount rate, as well as achieve the desired Federal funds rate by open market operations. This rate has significant effect on other market interest rates, but there is no perfect relationship. In the United States open market operations are a relatively small part of the total volume in the bond market. One cannot set independent targets for both the monetary base and the interest rate because they are both modified by a single tool - open market operations; one must choose which one to control. In other nations, the monetary authority may be able to mandate specific interest rates on loans, savings accounts or other financial assets. By raising the interest rate(s) under its control, a monetary authority can contract the money supply, because higher interest rates encourage savings and discourage borrowing. Both of these effects reduce the size of the money supply. v. Currency board A currency board is a monetary arrangement which pegs the monetary base of a country to that of an anchor nation. As such, it essentially operates as a hard fixed exchange rate, whereby local currency in circulation is backed by foreign currency from the anchor nation at a fixed rate. Thus, to grow the local monetary base an equivalent amount of foreign currency must be held in reserves with the currency board. This limits the possibility for the local monetary authority to inflate or pursue other objectives. 1. Instruments of monetary policy in India The monetary policy is nothing but controlling the supply of Money. The RBI takes a look at the present levels and also takes a call on what should be the desired level to promote growth, bring stability of price (low inflation) and foreign exchange. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as a designated monetary authority has no control over the deficit financing of the central government and only limited control over its foreign exchange assets, we discuss below in detail the instruments of control used by the RBI: : A. Quantitative measures: 1. Open Market operations: It means the purchase and sale of securities by central bank of the country. The sale of security by the central bank leads to contraction of credit and purchase thereof to credit expansion. It is useful for the developed countries. In India, the RBI enters into sale and purchase of government securities and treasury bills. So the RBIcan pump money into circulation by buying back the securities and vice versa. In absence of an independent security market (all Banks are state owned); this is not really effective in India. The major Limitations are that * When the central bank purchases the securities the cash reserve of member bank will be increased and vice versa. The bank will expand and contract credit according to prevailing economic and political circumstances and not merely with reference to their cash reserves. * When the commercial bank cash balance increase the demand for loan and advance should increase. This may not happen due to economic and political uncertainty. * The circulation of bank credit should have a constant velocity. 2. Bank rate policy :Popularly known as repo rate and reverse repo rate, it is the rate at which the RBI and the Banks buy or exchange money. This results into the flow of bank credit and thusaffects the money supply. Bank rate- It is the minimum rate at which the central bank of a country provides loan to the commercial bank of the country. Bank rate is also called discount rate because bank provides finance to the commercial bank by rediscounting the bills of exchange. When general bank raises the bank rate, the commercial bank raises their lending rates;it results in fewer borrowings and reduces money supply in the economy. Reverse repo rate– It is the rate that RBI offers the banks for parking their funds with it. Reverse repo operations suck out liquidity from the system. Major limitation is that : * Well organized money market should exist in the economy. Repo rate * It is introduced through which RBI can add to liquidity in the banking system. Through repo system RBI buys securities from the bank and there by provide funds to them. * Repo refers to agreement for a transaction between RBI and banks through which RBI supplies funds immediately against government securities and simultaneously agree to repurchase the same or similar securities after a specified time which may be one day to 14 days. A repurchase agreement or ready forward deal is a secured short-term (usually 15 days) loan by one bank to another against government securities. * Legally, the borrower sells the securities to the lending bank for cash, with the stipulation that at the end of the borrowing term, it will buy back the securities at a slightly higher price, the difference in price representing the interest. 3. Cash Reserve ratio (CRR): This is the percentage of total deposits that the banks have to keep with RBI. And this instrument can change the money supply overnight. Changing cash reserve ratio is an excellent instrument of control. The bank has to keep certain amount of bank money with themselves as reserves against deposits. * The increase in the cash rate leads to the contraction of credit only when the banks excess reserves. * The decrease in the cash rate leads to the expansion of credit and banks tends to make more available to borrowers. . 4. Statutory Liquidity Requirement (SLR)amp;liquidity adjustment facility ( LAF )-this is the proportion of deposits which Banks have to keep liquid in addition to CRR. This also has a bearing on money supply. * LAF is the instrument of monetary policy from June 2000 to adjust on daily basis liquidity in the banking system. * Through LAF, RBI regulates short-term interest rates while its bank rate policy serves as a signaling device for its interest rate policy in the intermediate period. RRBs are required t o maintain SLR at 25 per cent of their NDTL in cash or gold or in unencumbered government and other approved securities. Unlike in the case of scheduled commercial banks, balances maintained in call or fixed deposits by RRBs with their sponsor banks are treated as â€Å"cash† and hence, reckoned towards their maintenance of SLR. As a prudential measure, it is desirable on the part of all RRBs to maintain their entire SLR portfolio in government and other approved securities, which many of them are already doing. All RRBs may maintain their entire SLR holdings in government and other approved securities. B. Qualitative measures: 1. Credit rationing: Imposing limits and charging higher/lower rates of interests in selective sectors are what you see is being done byRBI. 2. Moral suasion: We hear of RBIs directive of priority lending in Agriculture sector. Seems more of a directive rather than persuasion. It implies the central bank exerting pressure on banks by using oral and written appeals to expand or restrict credit in line with its credit policy. It is a combination of persuasion and pressure which RBI is always in a position to use on banks in general and errant banks in particular. This is exercised through discussions, letters, speeches, and hints thrown to banks. This can be used by the RBI to urge banks to keep a large proportion of their assets in the form of government securities, lend their helping hand to develop a broad and active market in treasury bills and government securities, and not borrow excessively from the bank when it is engaged in fighting the forces of inflation. The main interst sensitive sectors are banking sector,automobile sectorand real estate sector Let me examine how the monetary policy impact on the major interast sensitive sectors ie banking sector and automobile sector. oth sectors are linked with the policy measurs of the RBI. the change in interst rate casues a big impact on the profit earning capacity of the two sector companies Firstly the banking sector . This  analysis  takes  a look at  Indian monetary  policy  and  how it  will  impact:   Ã‚  Ã‚   a. Banks   Profitability b. Availability   of  Ã‚   funds  Ã‚   to   trade   and  Ã‚   industry   Ã‚  Ã‚   c. Other   factor Interest on loans are the main income of the banks. when the reserve bank take an action which effect interest rate it will affect the banks income and profitability. It may be positive or negative. Cost of fund will increase and it will reduce banks net interest margin to keep the net interest margin all banks raises lending rates When RBI hikes CRR it will directly affect by the profitability of banking companies. When RBI increase the CRR it will cause reducing the deposits available with the banks to make loans . Banks charge a very high interest rate on the loans they give. Banks take this measurer to retain the profit rate which earned during former CRR rate.. when the lending rate are high, general public and corporate postpone heir work to future period. so this cause to reduse the lending from banks,then the profit will decrease If the RBI reduce the CRR and SLR rate ,the banks can give more loans at lower interest rate. the low interst rate attract more companies and people to take loan. so this cause to increase the profit of the banks Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)| 6. 00% (w. e. f. 24/04/2010)| Increased from 5. 00% to 5. 50% wef 13/02/2010; and then again to 5. 75% wef 2 7/02/2010; and now to 6. 00% wef 24/04/2010| Now the CRR is 6. 00%. it from 24-4-2010. RBI increased CRR from 5. 00% to 6. 00% during the 4th quarter of 2009-2010 and 1st quarter of 2010-11. this change also change the net interest margin of the banks. 1% increase caused a negative impact of the profitability of the banks. Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)| 24%(w. e. f. 18/12/2010)| Decreased from 25% which was continuing since 07/11/2009| No more change in the SLR rate after 7-11-2009 have made an impact on the profit earning capacity of the banks Bank rate impact It is the minimum rate at which central bank provides loan to commercial banks. It is also called discounting rate because bank provides finance to the commercial banks by rediscounting the bill of exchange. When central banks raises bank rate commercial banks raises lending rate and vice-versa When RBI rises the bank rate ,the commercial banks rasies rasies its lending rates, it will adversely impact on the profitability of banks. Bank’s net interest margin will reduce. Repo rate impact When ever there is deficient of the fund with the banks then the banks barrow money from RBI, Repo rate is the rate at which all banks barrow rupees from RBI. When RBI increase repo rate ,no banks ready to take loan from RBI. IF the RBI decrease the repo rate, bank will go to RBI to take loan at lower interest rate. If the RBI increase the rate it will reduce the profit margin. Reverse repo effect If the RBI increase the reverse repo rate banks get high interest by putting money to safe hands. but it reduce the money supply in the economy . bank not have money to give loans to public and get interest on loan. so interest earned on loans will decrease and the net interest margin reduced. Reverse Repo Rate| 6. 25% (w. e. f. 03/05/2011)| Increased from 5. 75% which was continuing since 17/03/2011 [Till 03/05/2011, reverse repo rate was an independent rate and announced by RBI. However, in the monetary policy announced on 03/05/2011, RBI has decided that now the reverse repo rate will not be announced separately, but will be linked to Repo rate. Reverse Repo rate will be 100 bps below the repo rate] | How monetary policy affect on the returns of auto sector The automotive industry remains one of the highest revenue-earning industries in India and contributed over 5% to India’s GDP in 2009, providing direct and indirect employment to more than 13 million people. The market outlook for the industry remains promising, especially in the small car segment. The Indian automobile market is currently dominated by the two-wheeler segment but with an expanding middle class population, growing earning power and industrial development, the demand for passenger cars and commercial vehicles will increase exponentially. Also, the low vehicle presence (with passenger car stock of only around 11 per 1,000 population in 2008) indicates a very low base with significant growth potential. As per ‘Just-Auto’ analyst reports, sales of passenger cars in 2008-2016 are expected to grow at a CAGR of around 10%. In addition to increased domestic demand, there is also likely to be increased investment by global auto manufacturers to India due to its strong technological capability and availability of trained manpower at competitive prices. Currently, the foreign auto companies with assembly plants in India include, General Motors, Ford, Hyundai, Honda, Suzuki, Nissan Motors, Toyota, Volkswagen, Audi, Skoda, BMW, Fiat and Mercedes Benz. With the introduction of the Tata Nano, the cheapest car in the world at USD 2200, and FDI from Suzuki Motor Corp, Hyundai Motor Co, and Nissan Motor Co to make India their manufacturing hub for small cars, India has made huge inroads in the compact car segment. In fact, in 2009, India overtook China in the global auto exports of compact cars for the first time. Increase or decrease in interest rate will directly affect the automobile industry because a majority of people are depending on  car loans  or two wheeler  loans for  buying vehicle. So if the interest rates are increasing, people won’t be able to afford this and normally the demand for automobiles will come down this will have a very bad impact on the industry TATA MOTORS: TATA MOTORS Tata Motors is India’s largest automobile company It is the leader in commercial vehicles and among the top three in passenger vehicles. The company is the worlds fourth largest truck manufacturer, the worlds second largest bus manufacturer. Tata Motors has auto manufacturing and assembly plants in Jamshedpur , Pantnagar , Lucknow , Ahmedabad , Sanand and Pune in India, as well as in Argentina, South Africa and Thailand. Products : Passenger cars and utility vehicles Concept vehicles Commercial vehicles Military vehicles Financial results of tata motors 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 ) Gross revenue38,364. 1028568. 2133093. 93 2) Net revenue(excluding excise duty)35593. 0525629. 7328739. 41 3) Total expenditure31414. 7723877. 2925807. 82 4) Operating profit4178. 281752. 442931. 59 5) Other income1853. 45925. 97483. 18 6) Profit before interest and depreciation6031. 732678. 413414. 77 7) Interest and discounting charges(net)1103. 84673. 68282. 37 8) Cash profit4927. 892004. 734057. 84 Rising interest rates  had a negative impact on company because when interest rates was raised, the cost of borrowing money rosed. Ultimately, the company profitability and ability to grow was reduced. When a company profits (or earnings) dropped, its stock became less desirable, and its stock price falled . A company success comes when it sells its products . But increased interest rates negatively impact its customers. The financial health of its customers directly affected the company ability to grow sales and earnings. When interest rates rise, investors start to rethink their investment strategies i. e Investors sell shares in interest-sensitive stocks that they hold. Interest-sensitive industries include electric utilities, real estate, and the financial sector. Interest rates rises –sales effects profitability is affected dividend payments too effected. The price of a stock depends on the earnings of the company. If the earnings slow down (because of higher interest rate payments), the prices of the stocks will dip and overall, the stock market will be hit. A rise in interest rates also cools down the economy . demand for goods and services rise. If the supply is not immediately forthcoming, the price of those goods and services rise. That leads to inflation. Low interest rates are good for business, it makes it cheaper to borrow funds, invest in new projects, expand supply, etc. Low interest rates also increases consumption as  debt finance becomes cheaper and people’s disposable income rises as existing interest payments are reduced. A decrease in interest rates therefore increases revenue expectations for most businesses. car sales down as compared to the previous year. reducing costs wherever possible, consolidating brands and dropping model lines and deferring Ramp;D projects to conserve funds.

Biography of Cy Twombly, Romantic Symbolist Artist

Biography of Cy Twombly, Romantic Symbolist Artist Cy Twombly (born Edwin Parker Cy Twombly, Jr.; April 25, 1928–July 5, 2011) was an American artist known for works featuring scribbled, sometimes graffiti-like paintings. He was often inspired by classical myths and poetry. His style is called romantic symbolism for its interpretation of classical material in shapes and words or wordless calligraphy. Twombly also created sculptures during much of his career. Fast Facts: Cy Twombly Occupation: ArtistKnown For: Romantic symbolist paintings and characteristic scribblesBorn: April 25, 1928 in Lexington, VirginiaDied: July 5, 2011 in Rome, ItalyEducation: School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Black Mountain CollegeSelected Works: Academy (1955), Nine Discourses on Commodus (1963), Untitled (New York) (1970)Notable Quote: I swear if I had to do this over again, I would just do the paintings and never show them. Early Life and Education Cy Twombly grew up in Lexington, Virginia. He was the son of a professional baseball player, Cy Twombly, Sr., who had a short major league career pitching for the Chicago White Sox. Both men were nicknamed Cy after legendary pitcher Cy Young. As a child, Cy Twombly practiced art with kits that his family ordered from the Sears Roebuck catalog. He began taking art lessons at age 12. His instructor was painter Pierre Daura, a Catalan artist who fled Spain during the Spanish Civil War of the 1930s. After high school, Twombly studied at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston and Washington and Lee University. In 1950, he began studying at the Art Students League of New York, where he met fellow artist Robert Rauschenberg. The two men became lifelong friends. With Rauschenbergs encouragement, Twombly spent much of 1951 and 1952 studying at the now-defunct Black Mountain College in North Carolina with artists like Franz Kline, Robert Motherwell, and Ben Shahn. Klines black-and-white abstract expressionist paintings, in particular, heavily influenced Twomblys early work. Twomblys first solo exhibition took place at the Samuel M. Kootz Gallery in New York in 1951. Military Influence and Early Success With a grant from the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Cy Twombly traveled to Africa and Europe in 1952. Robert Rauschenberg accompanied him. When Twombly returned to the U.S. in 1953, Twombly and Rauschenberg presented a two-person show in New York City that was so scandalous, the visitor comments book was removed to avoid the negative and hostile responses to the show. In 1953 and 1954, Cy Twombly served in the U.S. Army as a cryptologist deciphering coded communication. While on weekend leaves, he experimented with the Surrealist art technique of automatic drawing, and he adapted it to create a methodology for drawing in the dark. The result was abstract forms and curves that emerged as key elements of later paintings. Cy Twombly Academy (1955) at Museum of Modern Art, New York City, USA. Robert Alexander / Getty Images From 1955 through 1959, Twombly emerged as a prominent New York artist associating with both Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns. During this period, his scribbled pieces on white canvas gradually evolved. His work became simpler in form and monochromatic in tone. By the late 1950s, his pieces appeared on dark canvas with what looked like white lines scratched into the surface. Romantic Symbolism and Blackboard Paintings In 1957, on a trip to Rome, Cy Twombly met Italian artist Baroness Tatiana Franchetti. They married in New York City in 1959 and soon moved to Italy. Twombly spent part of the year in Italy and part in the U.S. for the rest of his life. After moving to Europe, classical Roman myths began to heavily influence Twomblys art. In the 1960s, he frequently used classical mythology as source material. He created cycles based on myths like Leda and the Swan and The Birth of Venus. His work was dubbed romantic symbolism, as the paintings were not directly representational but rather were meant to symbolize the classical, romantic content. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Twombly created what are often called the Blackboard Paintings: scrawled white writing on a dark surface that resembles a chalkboard. The writing does not form words. In the studio, Twombly reportedly sat on the shoulders of a friend and moved back and forth along the canvas to create his curving lines. Cy Twomblys Untitled (New York City) at Christies auction. Peter Mcdiarmid / Getty Images In 1963, after the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, Twombly created a series of paintings informed by the life of the assassinated Roman emperor Commodus, son of Marcus Aurelius. He titled it Nine Discourses on Commodus. The paintings include violent splatters of color against the background of grey canvases. When exhibited in New York in 1964, American critics reviews were largely negative. However, the Commodus series is now seen as one of Twomblys most significant achievements. Sculpture Cy Twombly created sculpture from found objects throughout the 1950s, but he stopped producing three-dimensional work in 1959 and did not begin again until the mid-1970s. Twombly returned to found and discarded objects, but just like his paintings, his sculptures were newly influenced by classical myths and literature. Most of Twomblys sculptures are painted white- in fact, he once said, White paint is my marble. Cy Twombly sculptures and paintings at the Broad Museum in Los Angeles, California, USA. Santi Visalli / Getty Images Twomblys sculpted works were not well-known to the public for most of his career. An exhibition of selected sculpted pieces from throughout his career was shown at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City in 2011, the year of Twomblys death. Since they are constructed mostly of found objects, many observers see his sculpture as a three-dimensional record of the artists life. Later Works and Legacy Late in his career, Cy Twombly added more bright color to his work, and on occasion his pieces were representational, such as his massive late-career paintings of roses and peonies. Classical Japanese art influenced these works; some are even inscribed with Japanese haiku poetry. Untitled (Roses), Cy Twombly (2008) at the Broadhurst Museum in Munich. Miguel Villagran / Getty Images One of Twomblys final works was the painting of the ceiling of a sculpture gallery at the Louvre museum in Paris, France. He died of cancer on July 5, 2011, in Rome, Italy. Twombly avoided the trappings of celebrity for most of his career. He chose to let his painting and sculpture speak for themselves. The Milwaukee Art Museum presented the first Twombly retrospective in 1968. Later major exhibitions included a 1979 retrospective at the Whitney Museum of American Art and the Museum of Modern Arts 1994 retrospective in New York City. Many see Twomblys work as a significant influence on important contemporary artists. Echoes of his approach to symbolism are seen in the work of Italian artist Francesco Clemente. Twomblys paintings also presaged the large-scale paintings by Julian Schnabel and the use of scribbling in the work of Jean-Michel Basquiat. Sources Rivkin, Joshua. Chalk: The Art and Erasure of Cy Twombly. Melville House, 2018.Storsve, Jonas. Cy Twombly. Sieveking, 2017.

Advanced Copyright and Design Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Advanced Copyright and Design Law - Essay Example o ensure that the owners and creators of both literary and artistic work should benefit from their work for a reasonable duration of time, while also ensuring that their generations also reaps the benefits of the innovation and creation of the work. The provisions of Article 2 of Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works2, states that the creators of artistic and literary work shall enjoy the rights of protection of their created work in the countries member state to union, other than in the country of origin where the artistic and literary copyright protection has been registered. In this respect, the convention provided for the uniform applicability of the right to enjoy the protection of the literary and artistic work that has been created throughout the European Union, without any disparity as regards the exact country for which the copyright has been registered. Further, Article 7(4) of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Wor ks3 provides that unless there is special protection of any artistic or literary work in the country of origin, the work shall be protected as artistic work within the European Union. Therefore, the need to ensure consistency in the protection of the artistic and literary works from being used without the authorization of the owner throughout the European Union is essential. Thus, repealing section 52 of the UK copyright Act was not a mistake but a necessary measure to enhance the benefits obtainable from artistic design protection both by the owners of the artistic designs and the whole society. There are two major reasons why repealing section 52 of the UK copyright act was not a mistake: First, repealing of section 52 of the UK copyright Act seeks to harmonize the copyright benefit enjoyment for the UK artistic design used in mass production, to match with the provisions of the European Union artistic and literary copyright protection. Section 52 of Copyright, Designs and Patents

Budget Management Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Budget Management Analysis - Research Paper Example Budget development is a process that encompasses information and fact gathering, making reasonable future assumption in term of revenue expected and cost to be incurred, and it also need to be timely and have high accuracy and need to be approved and reviewed since it forms the basis of undertakings in an organization (MacEwan, 2009). Information and facts that form the basis of operating budget need to be gathered, this information may be obtained from stake holder also from past periods budgets and then this information should be linked to goals and priorities of organization in harmony with financial and budgeting policies of an organization (MacEwan, 2009). With reference to financial and budget guideline of organization, forecasted expenses taking into fixed and variable cost and revenue estimated including the assumption made are formally documented in an authentic format, and projection in financial terms are reflected. (MacEwan, 2009). At this phase, one needs to be realistic when formulating assumption. This phase involves finalizing detail of the budget in preparation for the purpose of presentation and official approval of the budget. Budget should be organized during the presentation, and one should be ready to answer the question that arise, new adjustment that arise during presentation should be incorporated in the final draft and then communication of the budget approval within organization (MacEwan, 2009). This phase of development of the operating budget involve demining if an organization is running on track in regard to the approved budget, review of variance and determining significant variance reasons is done, also is at this stage of the operating budget collective action from emerging variance may be taken if need be, (MacEwan, 2009) and preparation of information to be used in the next budget start since budgeting is a cyclic process. Expense result in regard to budget expectation give rise to variance, which is the

Lessons Found in Beauty and the Beast Essay -- Fairytales Essays Beaut

Lessons Found in Beauty and the Beast   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once upon a time?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The classic opener for any fairy tale, which is no different in the case of Beauty and the Beast. Fairy tales were meant to teach our children life lessons that society, at the time, deems important to learn. They teach us the difference between right and wrong, black and white, good and bad, light and dark, and beautiful and ugly. There are many different variations and names to Beauty and the Beast. This famous fable has been passed down and integrated into our culture time and time again, each time adding different lessons that were thought to be important in that day and age. What has changed over the years? How have the fairy tales of Beauty and the Beast affected the children of yesterday, today and tomorrow? I hope to show how fairy tales, more importantly Beauty and the Beast, is helpful to children in many ways, but mostly by teaching them the way that they should act in society. There are three very important lessons that Beauty and the Beast teaches us. First, and probably, the biggest one, is that beauty is only skin deep. It is what is on the inside that counts. Second, which ties in with the first lesson is, don't be too greedy because you will only be looking for the beauty on the out side. Finally, do unto others as you would have done to you, this will make you beautiful on the inside were it counts. In this paper I am going to take a look at two versions of Beauty and the Beast. Although The Lady and the Lion and Beauty and the Beast are very different, the base story is there. True beauty is determined by what is on the inside and not on the outside. In addition vanity and riches will not make you happy. Finally, to be truly beautiful you must treat people how you would want to be treated. Before I get into those versions of Beauty and the Beast, I want to talk about those who don?t think this fairy tale should be seen or heard by children. One version of this tale is by none other than Disney. Kathi Maio said, ?Disney?s version features a beast who looks ugly and acts even uglier? What a heart-warming fable! Why it?s a regular training film for the battered women of tomorrow!? (194). At first I thought, wow she has issues, but when I looked deeper I found what she meant. Not to say that I agree with her by any means. It is a fairy tale for a reason! These things... ...because of the fear that fairies will come after me and turn me into a beast or a statue. (Which if you think about it would be very scary, seeing a something with wings and a wand flying at you.) I just feel that if you want to be treated well, you should treat others well. This was most likely imbedded into me through fairy tales just like Beauty and the Beast. As you can see from only two very short versions of this fairy tale that the values in it are virtues that we should all have. This fairy tale has been passed down for many generations and with each year it grows and adapts to society, but the bases for this story stay true. You can?t judge a book by its cover. The truth is it is what is on the inside that counts, which leads to the next lesson; that being greedy will not make you happy. For everything you get that you think will make you happy, you will only find that you are unhappier than before. This flows nicely into the golden rule. Do unto others as you would have done to you, and this will bring you true happiness. I believe that this is a great fairy tale and the values it teaches are even better. My children will know the story of Beauty and the Beast well.

Macbeth and Macduff Essay

Macbeth explains that Lady Macbeth hates her weak self. â€Å"Make thick me blood. † (1:5:44). Lady Macbeth wants to feel no emotion; she wants to stop being a woman and become a more dominant factor. In this case she wants to become a man. Shakespeare supports his explanation by asking Lady Macbeth ask the spirits to change her, â€Å"Come to my woman’s breast/ and take y milk for gall. (1:5:48-49), she doesn’t want what she has because it is of no longer use to her â€Å"gall†. The author’s purpose it to inform that Lady Macbeth is the true killer and is using Macbeth as a puppet. The author writes in a dominant tone to show Lady Macbeth’s feeling toward change. First, Shakespeare portrays an ominous image in Lady Macbeth’s soliloquy, â€Å"The raven himself is hoarse. †(1:5:37-38). She talks of the future death of the king. The Raven being the messenger who announces death. The cacophonous word â€Å"hoarse† portrays the raven’s speech and harsh tone of voice. Then, there is a tip in the balance of the hegemonic structure in the play. â€Å"That my keen knife see not the wound it makes. †(1:5:51). Lady Macbeth knows hat she is not supposed to have a â€Å"keen knife†, perhaps not a knife at all. A woman, in her right place, should not be keen. She must submit and let her husband have all the control. Where as Lady Macbeth wants to be the one with all the power. The cacophonous diction that Shakespeare uses for the Lady Macbeth. That tend on mortal Ruiz2 thoughts† (1:5:40). Lady Macbeths uses the harsh â€Å"t† expresses her self loathing toward her self and her weakness. â€Å"Nor keep peace between† (1:5:45). There is an eerie â€Å"e† sound portrayed in this line. Shakespeare’s Macbeth portrays the dominance women have. The dominance and the plan that Lady Macbeth has over her own husband. She uses this power to her advantage. Throughout the play Shakespeare reveals through more images of Lady Macbeth’s dominant power.

Summary Of Twelve Years A Slave By Solomon Northup

As American’s our country’s history has been drilled into our education. There are many things to make us proud, as well as ashamed. An atrocious attribute to our country’s past is slavery. Slavery not only happened in America but in numerous countries for far too long. So many people of color were discriminated, abused, abducted and often times killed without remorse. There are millions of individuals, who if were still alive today, could identify with each of those things stated above and tell their own story. One person who would proudly protest their unfortunate experience would be a man by the name Solomon Northup. He wrote a memoir addressing his oppressors and coming clean with all the unjust actions that had taken place. In his book Twelve Years a Slave, the role of religion was very evident not only in his own life, but the lives of the people who played a role in his captivity in slavery. Religion is portrayed in several different perspectives throughou t Twelve Years a Slave. Northup uses this important common ground to cultivate the true relationship between slave and owner. By frequently visiting the topic of faith a realization can be made that both parties are indeed human, this further sheds light on the injustices of Northup’s 12 years in slavery. It has been widely known that slaves were very spiritual people. Throughout their struggles and hardships, they depended on their faith to help them make it through. One can find evidence of this in many hymnsShow MoreRelatedTwelve Years a Slave Film Adaptation655 Words   |  3 PagesTwelve Years A Slave is a 2013 film adaptation of a slave narrative of the same name that was written by Solomon Northup. The main characters Solomon/Platt, Patsey and Edwin Epps are played by Chiwetel Ejiofor, Lupita Nyongo and Michael Fassbender respectively. Directed by Steve McQueen, the movie directs the attention of the reader on the servile life in the South of the United States before the Civil War. Solomon Nyong’o is a free slave from the State of the New York, upon invitation he goes toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 12 Years A Slave By Steve Mcqueen1396 Words   |  6 Pages The movie 12 Years a Slave, directed by Steve McQueen, depicts a free black man, Solomon Northup, from New York who was drugged and kidnapped in order to be sold into slavery in the pre-Civil War South. The movie is filled with powerful scenes and moments of tension that portray the cruel, gruesome years that millions of slaves experienced. For the next twelve years of Solomon’s life, the movie illustrates how he became a piece of property under several different masters. Solomon spent the bulkRead More Summary of Twelve Years a Slave Essay5063 Words   |  21 PagesSummary of Twelve Years a Slave Solomon Northup was born a freeman. On Christmas day, 1829, Northup married Anne Hampton. He was about twenty one years old and decided to enter upon a life of industry so that he could help support him and his wife. He first was employed with others repairing the Champlain Canal. By the time the Canal was finished Northup purchased a pair of horses and other things necessarily required in the business of navigation. He hired several men to help him and he