Analysis Of Hans Zimmer s Interstellar - 1310 Words

Introduction A film soundtrack refers to the original music that is written and composed to accompany a given film. A number of cues, instrumentals and orchestral music make part of it. They are carefully timed to start and end at specific moments during the films performance so as to make the narrative better as well as improve the emotional impact of certain scenes. In this paper, we perform a critical analysis of Hans Zimmers Interstellar soundtrack. Hans Zimmer’s Interstellar soundtrack Hans Zimmer’s score for the Interstellar soundtrack has been considered incredibly unique and aplicable to the movie itself. In fact, the movie’s producer, Nolan said that â€Å"I believe that Hans score for Interstellar has the tightest bond†¦show more content†¦There are also other instances of silence that are used to add to the movie’s dramatic experiences (Laurence, 2013). For instance, the first time the crew enters space, the music that was originally playing stops and the actor’s voices appear muffled. Impact of music on human emotion and attention For a long time, there has been a connection between society and music. There is no culture on earth, which does not know anything, that concerns music. Furthermore, human beings sometimes base their actions according to music. It is a known fact that music helps improve one’s brain, when it comes to matters that concern learning and studying. Einstein Albert is an exceptional man, who became renowned in academic matters, due to the music he listening to. When Einstein was young, people thought he was stupid, and after learning to play the violin, he improved. He often listened and played music by Bach and Mozart, and in turn, became extremely smart. Currently, the iPod is popular among many students, and they use it without thinking of the consequences it may have in the long run. Research has been conducted, and it has been found out that studying improves as a result of listening to music. Also, it should be known that extreme users of IPods are at risk of suffering from hearing health problems. Even more, they might lose their hearing, while they are still young, and this will affect their life’s quality in the future. Researchers have identified

The Rise And Demise Of The Postwar Social Structure Of...

In the article, Power, Accumulation, and Crisis: The Rise and Demise of the Postwar Social Structure of Accumulation by David M. Gordon et.al, the authors introduces capitalists’ economies and the crisis an economy can face. The two main reasons for crisis can be a capitalist class which is too powerful or too fragile. In Keynesian conditions, a powerful capitalist class will create several changes in aggregate demand (AD decreases). In a fragile capitalist class, the worker income will decrease the rate of exploitation, profits and investments will be minimized. Karl Marx, definition about the crisis was different from Keynesian terms. Marx argued that the first crisis refers to the comprehension of surplus and the second crisis refers to the manufacture of surplus value, all these crises are characterized by demand and supply side. Demand side refers to the activity causing short-term fluctuations in the demand of goods and services. Supply side refers to efficiently growth created by dropping out barriers for people to produce goods and services and at the same time it creates invest in capital. The effect of these crises was similar, in both crises there will be a failure in the rate of profit, a decrease in the level of investment, a reduction in the rate of growth in demand and output (Gordon et.al, 1996). The United States faced a demand side crisis during the Great Depression of 1930. These crises brought negative effects to the capitalist economy, some of theseShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Betw een 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesHistory of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American QueerRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a highly readable account of ideas, perspectives and practices of organization. By thoroughly explaining, analyzing and exploring organization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory is central to managing, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting

Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls Free Essays

In psychology and education, learning is commonly defined as a process that brings together cognitive, behaviour and Humanists elements. This assignment shows the concept of the relevant theories and principles of learning and communication; select and critically analysed of how I plan to deliver these strategies in my own teaching; and reflect on the impact that these insights have had on my own practice and professional development. What is the definition of theory? To me theory is something which is explained to you, a system of ideas intended to explain something, one based on general overview. We will write a custom essay sample on Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls or any similar topic only for you Order Now A definition of principles, to me is to be opinionated on how I feel towards chosen topic. Geoff Petty (2009) states that, `every teacher and every learner has a theory about learning. ’ To able to conclude my own theories and principles on planning and enabling learning I need to learn what is accepted to others. Research I understand there are many different theories relating to teaching and learning. Those that I have looked at are Behaviourist, Cognitive and Humanists elements. These are not new concepts. Although that some of these theorists are descended their work is still use into practices. Behaviourism is primarily associated with Pavlov (classical conditioning) in Russia; and with Thorndike, Watson and particularly Skinner in the United States (operant conditioning). In educational surroundings, behaviourism implies the dominance of the teacher, as in behaviour modification programmes. It can, however, be applied to an understanding of unintended learning. Classical conditioning in its simplest form is a type of conditioning associates by an external stimulus; in Pavlov original experiment this was a bell, with the arrival of a second stimulus which was the food, this resulted in a response to the bell which would have been achieved previously by the food. Frederic Skinner’s work was influenced by Pavlov’s experiment and the ideas of John Watson, father of behaviourism. His interest in stimulus-response of how humans reacted to various situations became fascinating. Skinner developed teaching machines, so students could learn, uncovering answers for an immediate â€Å"reward†. Humanistic, humanism and humanist are terms in psychology relating to an approach which studies the whole person and the uniqueness of each individual by emphasizing the study of the person overall. This behaviour clarifies the ability of learners to respond to the lesson. John Holt, How Children Fail (1964) states that â€Å"the school system could destroy the minds and emotions of young children. His blistering attack accused schools of inducing fear in pupils, and humiliating, ridiculing and devaluing them† This is a very generalised point of view due, to the fact that Holt is tarnishing all schools with the same reputation. However, it is important not to completely dismiss his views, as the point he makes about fear of failure is something we must be aware of in our teaching. In another humanistic approach which also fits within the humanistic spectrum is that proposed by Malcolm Knowles (1913-1977) his studies focus on adult education which was formed in 1946. Formal programs were for those sponsored by educational institutions, such as universities, high and trade schools in America. He implemented that adult education was pointed to the friendly and informal surroundings. This enhanced adult learners to take more responsibility for their destiny as they mature through the learning process. Cognitive learning theory is about how to learn rather than what to learn i. e. how to write a report, how to recall specific facts, how to use learning to solve problems or be creative. Cognitivism is â€Å"the psychology of learning which emphasizes on how we think and gain knowledge. Theorists are intrigued and want to understand how problem solving changes throughout childhood, how cultural differences affect the way we view our own achievements, language development. Theories such as Jerome Bruner (1915) and Lev Vygostsky (1896) expressed the view that `expository teaching’ deprived learners of the chance to think for them, however Vygostsky approach `Zone of proximal development’ focused on the concept that what a learner could do today with they could do alone tomorrow. The behaviourist approach can encourage me to understand what motivates my learners and to challenge them on what goals they wish to achieve through their learning. These techniques can influence and can allow me to shape and enhance my learners into behaving in an acceptable way through Skinner’s theory of `Positive or Negative Reinforcement’. As a research a bi product of this will develop my learner way of analysing. This encourages a comfortable learning environment for all learners. Negative reinforces are ones that increase the chance that a behaviour will occur when it is removed. Punishments are events that decrease the frequency of behaviour that it follows (Skinner, 2003) Take the learner in the classroom that ontinually talk s to his neighbour; it reinforces his behaviour to continue, but if the teacher punishes him by having him stand up in front of the whole class and apologies, he will be more likely to refrain on talking again. Skinner believes that behaviour could be altered by using positive and negative types of reinforcement. Remember negative reinforcement is not punishment. If I have not covered everything on t he original lesson plan, learning can however be measured making assessment and planning for next session easier. By constantly revisiting certain topics and using Question and Answers learners have an understanding on what they are learning and why. This would not be the case for all, based on behaviour modification there are also disadvantages to this approach. Repetitive learning may encourage some learners to remember information but it doesn’t necessary mean they have understood the concept. Some learners will not be confident to admit this and just produced the required answers without knowing how they got to the answers. How do we include rewards and why the reason for them? As a teacher I tried to implement these when suitable for all learners. If this is not done then the whole process will become confusing and motivation will be lost. This theory can tend to lead myself towards the `pedagogical approach to learning’. As covering that the Humanistic approach is relied for individuals to explore their own interest and curiosities this will assure them to grow into fully functioning, self-trusting, and independent people. All individuals are unique and have an inborn drive to achieve their maximum potential. This I can relate too with the learners that I teach, once they have discovered their own personality this will generally relate to their chosen career options this will give learners to have free will in the learning experience and can effect on the change of their knowledge. I use the Humanistic approach to learning within my classroom as practical is a massive contribute to my teaching. Carl Rogers, in freedom to learn (1969) states that self-directed learning delivers the considerable educational advantages of independent learning. Advantages which I find to this are that by meeting learners needs, each learner will feel valued and respected. This will help build up a level of trust between the learner and teacher resulting to excellent communication. When planning and delivering lessons, I include various activities to allow this to happen. At the end of each lesson I find that group discussions give the learners freedom to induce new ideas and to listen to their peers opinions. This gives them the tools to feel empowered and have control over how they learn. This sounds like a perfect andragogical approach but could have some disadvantages. We know that Bruner’s cognitivists approach to learning is basis on emphasizing active restructuring of knowledge through own experience of life. With this theory the learner draws on his/her own past experience and acknowledges new facts, relationships and truths. Students interact with the world by exploring; asking questions and interpretation what is relevant to the subject. I. e. when tackling new ideas the learner relies on the teacher to give them the correct answer, assuming the teacher is in their comfort zone. To allow learners to achieve this transformation is by working in groups which encourages them to socially interact with one another which will then lead to process of learning, As a result this method students may be more likely to remember the concept and knowledge discovered on their own. Another strategy often used in my classroom involves embedding questions, which allows the learners to find out the answers to the problem before setting their task. This may again relate to their personal experience. Often organising school trips (exhibition, real life theatre) can allow the learners to interact with real life situations. I allow for discussion/debates around specific questions relating to that topic that I have structured to initiate points that are relevant to their learning. These theories have made me think differently to my own practise in the way I plan my lessons, which methods of delivery I use as well as how I assess what types of learning has taken place. I teach in a secondary school environment, where the learners go thought a transition from KS3, KS4 KS5. The course is practical, but there are some elements of theoretical methods which gives learners the chance to demonstrate skills in a performance environment. I agree that planning for lesson is a strong area for me and my learners. As a result, I will always construct the delivery of my own teaching including the three learning domains. I found that the Bruner strategy had the most impact on my teaching from both a practical and professional point of view. This has enabled me to encourage my learner’s involvement by utilising these methods. It has now become a natural part of my lessons, which involves incorporating QA as well as discussions to assess that learning has taken place in the Affective domain. My confidence has developed as a result, as well as my learner’s needs and communication is now at an all time high in the classroom. These areas are now a massive part as to how I deliver a lesson, as well as ensuring that communication flows both ways. After conducting research into the theories of learning, I have realised there are some improvements that need be made. One of these involves giving my learners more freedom and responsibility with the answers, rather than prompting them. I believe this simple change can breed confidence and progress for both me and the learners. Bibliography Skinner, B. F (Reprint 2003). The Technology of Teaching. Cambridge, MA: B. F. Skinner Foundation Petty, G (Reprint 2009). A Practice Guide Teaching Today. N. Thornes Forth Edition Holt, J C 1923- 1985 (revised edition) Classics in child development Knowles, M. and Swanson R. A, The Adult Learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resources Harkin, J. , Turner, G. and Dawn, T. (2001). Teaching Young Adults. London, Routledge. Rogers. C and J. H Freiberg (Third Edition) Freedom to learn How to cite Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls, Essay examples

Balsara Used to Its Advantage free essay sample

Explain the environmental factors which Balsara used to its advantage. BALSARA USED TO ITS ADVANTAGE IN INDIA. with clove oil (which has been traditionally regarded in India as an effective deterrent to tooth decay and tooth ache) as a unique selling proposition IN MALAYSIA There was good response to Miswak also in the Muslim dominated Malaysia. Its promotion highlighted the fact that miswak (Latin Name : Salvadora Persica) was a plant that had been used for centuries by as a tooth cleaning twig. It had reference in Koran. Quoting from Faizal-E-Miswak, it was pointed out that prophet Mohammed used miswak before sleeping at night and after awakening. ’’ The religious appeal in the promotion was reinforced by the findings of scientists all over the world, including Arabic ones, of the antibacterial property of clove and its ability to prevent tooth decay and gums. IN USA Market intelligence revealed that there was a growing preference in the advanced counties for nature based products. We will write a custom essay sample on Balsara Used to Its Advantage or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Balsara tied up with Auromere Imports Inc. (AAII), Los Angeles. An agency established by American followers of Aurobindo, an Indian philosopher saint. Eight months of intensive R D enabled Balsara to develop a tooth paste containing 24 herbal ingredients that would satisfy the required parameter. Auromere was voted as the No. 1 toothpaste in North Eastern USA The product line was extended by introducing several variants of Auromere. A saccharine free toothpaste was introduced. It was found that mint and menthol were taboo for users of homoeopathic medicines. So a product free of such mints was developed. Auromere Fresh Mint for the young and Auromere Cina Mint containing a combination of cinnamon and peppermint were also introduced BALSARA EXPLOITED THESE SENTIMENTS. In the case of Balsara: there was increased demand for products which were herbal, organic etc from the customers. The marketing mix was designed to take advantage of the same whereby it included natural and herbal products and private label brands to customers who were willing to pay for the same.

Real Estate Investment Trusts KIMCO

Introduction KIMCO Reality is a REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust) company that is mainly based in the United States, Canada, and South America (Deloitte 4). As a REIT company, KIMCO Reality owns and runs multiple real estate properties that mainly include shopping centres. The backbone of KIMCO operations is in the US where the company operates the largest database of shopping stores in 44 states.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Real Estate Investment Trusts: KIMCO specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In total, KIMCO operates over 900 shopping stores within North America and South America included in a leasable area of over 120 million square feet. KIMCO Reality trades at the NYSE (Emily 128). The focus of NYSE includes acquiring, developing, and running multiple shopping centres within the US, North America and South America. Despite multiple challenges in the real estate industry, especially the REIT seg ment, REIT presents a range of opportunities to investors (Deloitte 4). Economic Status The US economy is still recovering from the recession that started a few years back. Multiple sectors of the economy, including the real estate sector, are heavily reliant on the state of the economy. Although some economists are of the opinion that the US economy will need more years to completely emerge from economic recession, a range of indicators predict an improving economy. The rate of unemployment is now 7%; thus, indicating that thousands of jobs are starting to re-emerge in the market (Deloitte 4). Over the last three years, the US economy has grown by an average of about 2.5% (Deloitte 4). Although such a growth is below the 3% threshold required to create considerable jobs for the economy, a positive growth has contributed to the expansion of the US economy (Andrew 87). Generally, the US economy provides a good business environment for companies. Here, the US consists of a capital mar ket regulated by appropriate legal provisions and a suitable environment for business growth. The US is mostly an industrial service economy; hence, a relative high wage bill for workers. Although a high wage bill presents US consumers with a capacity to invest in high expense opportunities such as in real estate, such a direction is resulting in several shortcomings. Multiple multinational companies have transferred operations from the US to cheaper labour markets such as China.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, although many economies in South America and North America remain affected by the economic crisis, Canada is making significant progress in strengthening her economy; thus, providing a strong base of future investments in real estate. Moreover, despite the economic crisis, the US accounts for a total of about 45% of all real estate securities (Deloit te 5). Population Trends The US consists of a large, multi-racial, and multi-ethnic population. The current population of the US stands at about 320 million people. Here, European whites form about 65% of the US population. About 13% of US citizens are African Americans while the Hispanic population is about 16%. However, there are a large number of undocumented immigrants in the US (Deloitte 4). The estimate number of undocumented immigrants range from 12 million to 30 million (Deloitte 4). The average birth rate in the US stands at about 1.85% (Deloitte 4). The replacement rate is just below 2. Such a direction would imply a decreasing population (Emily 128). However, the high number of immigrants who enter the United States from Mexico and other parts of the world is contributing to a high population increase in the United States. The proportion of Hispanics is especially projected to increase significantly in the near future. Despite a high number of Hispanic immigrants who cros s to the United States from Mexico, Mexican women have a higher birth rate when compared to white women (Andrew 89). However, such a projection can change as a result of decreasing birth rates among Mexican women who permanently settle in the US. About 38% of the US population consists of persons aged 25 years and below. On the other hand, senior adults (aged 65 years and above) form about 12% of the US population (Deloitte 8). Capital Capital investments in REIT companies are on an upward trend. Here, an array of parameters that include good cash flows in REIT companies, the weakening of the US dollar in comparison to other currencies and partnerships between the US REITS and foreign subsidiaries contributes to high investment in REIT securities (Emily 128).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Real Estate Investment Trusts: KIMCO specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currency Risk Because of its use as the main currency of trade in the international market, the US dollar is a very stable and low risk currency as well. However, currency risks could occur from a necessity to exchange into other forms of currency that are rarely used in the international trade. Taxation Usually, REIT companies are under a legal obligation to pay a minimum proportion of 90 percent income to shareholders. KIMCO pays as much as 100% of its income to shareholders (Emily 128). As such, REIT companies are not under an obligation to pay corporate tax (Deloitte 11). However, shareholders pay tax on dividend benefits (Deloitte 7). Market The backbone of KIMCO operations (about 80%) is in the US where the company operates the largest database of shopping stores in 44 states. In total, KIMCO operates over 900 shopping stores within North America and South America included in a leasable area of over 120 million square feet (Deloitte 3). The focus of KIMCO is thus in the operation of shopping canters. In 2009, KIMCO init iated a program of disposing unusable assets. As a result, KIMCO disposed over 80 assets valued at about $850 million. Apart from disposing non usable assets, the management of KIMCO is acquiring strategic properties in the international REIT market. Such a direction is leading to the strategic growth of KIMCO. Indeed, KIMCO’s path for growth has remained clear over the past years. MOAT/ Competitive Advantage A critical requirement for companies to grow is a recognition and use of competitive advantages against rivals. One if the most distinct factors present in KIMCO, unlike other REIT companies in the US, includes its low cost capital. KIMCO utilizes low cost funds in strategic investments. Such a direction is leading to a high return to capital ratio; thus, increasing the value of KIMCO shares (Andrew 87). Here, KIMCO has a knack of disposing non critical assets as well as obtaining new strategic assets. Because the shares of KIMCO are projected to continue in an upward tr end in the coming years (due to an effective use of cheap capital there), the idea of a MOAT holds in KIMCO.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Investors can thus buy KIMCO shares at the current price (cheap) with an expectation that the shares will significantly increase in value in the following years (Deloitte 4). The latest report of the 2012 first quarter financial results indicate a robust management of resources. Here, the total asset value of KIMCO stores stands at just over one billion dollars. Moreover, KIMCO sold over 1.6 million square feet of leasable space for undisclosed value. The management of KIMCO consistently evaluates low performing stores with a view of increasing income. Robust management and investment at KIMCO is leading to a significant increase in the total value of the company (currently valued at about 16 billion dollars). Issues of Control All important indicators of performance such as growth in profits, increase in share price, and a high income to capital ratio point to good results at KIMCO. The high performance KIMCO is mainly as a result of an effective management team which is not deterr ed by the main shareholders. The interest of the management to increase the value of KIMCO mainly aligns with the interest of shareholders to increase the value of their assets (Andrew 87). No series conflicts of interest have been reported between the KIMCO management and major shareholders. Still, there are clear provisions on the handling of disputes that could arise between the management and the major shareholders. Top Shareholders A number of institutions form the top ten shareholders of KIMCO group. About 7 billion of the total equity at KIMCO is from institutions while about 4 billion is from mutual funds. On the other hand, insiders contribute about 230 million dollars of the total equity at KIMCO. The table below provides the detail of major shareholders at KIMCO group (Deloitte 15). Table 1: Current Top Ten Shareholders at KIMCO Name Shares Percentage of Shares Vanguard REIT 25,353,347 6.23 Fidelity Real Estate 8,149,300 2 Rowe Price Real Estate 4,916,100 1.21 Vanguard Mid Cap 5,194,277 1.3 America Funds Capital World 4,964,193 1.2 Goldman Sachs Mid Cap 4,132,329 1.02 iShares Cohen and Steel Majors 4,217,036 1.01 iShares Dow Jones US Real Estate 3,996,332 0.99 DFA Real Estate Securities 3,896,058 0.95 Permanent Portfolio 3,688,342 0.9 Source: Investors.morningstar.com As indicated in the table above, there is no institute/individual that is currently holding shares worth over 7%. However, a number of major shareholders offloaded significant amounts of KIMCO shares in previous trading. Such a direction is inevitable due to the ever increasing price value of KIMCO shares. Short Positions As of mid October 2012, about 20.5 million shares were sold short. Here, the number of short position shares reduced by about 2% from the previous session of trade. Incentive for Managers Like any other large corporation, KIMCO group is designing programs that compensate the top management for performance. KIMCO management is paid on two vari ables. Therefore, part of the salary for KIMCO management is fixed. On the other hand, part of the salary for KIMCO management is based on performance. The high level of performance witnessed at KIMCO in the past years is a direct result of effective management. A program that adequately compensates the top management to improve performance is therefore fruitful in enhancing the capacity of KIMCO. Benchmark In comparison with other REITs companies in the US market, the performance of KIMCO is top class. The consideration of performance parameters such as stock value, profits, ratio of income to capital, among others indicates a top performance at KIMCO group (Andrew 87). KIMCO remains among the high yielding REITS at the New York Stock Exchange. Besides, KIMCO is among the best performing REITS that specialise in the management of shopping canters. KIMCO has a healthy leverage ratio. Here, the ratio of debt to equity is about 0.8 (Deloitte 4). Analysis Performance As noted earlier, the financial performance of KIMCO has generally been good. The use of cheap capital to invest in strategic properties is paying off for KIMCO management. The balance sheet of KIMCO group is generally good. Although KIMCO group is among the highest yield performers in the US REITs, dozens of other REITs produce better yields than KIMCO. However, KIMCO is among the best performing REITs in terms of low leverage ratio. Investors that buy KIMCO shares are thus guaranteed of consistent (about 0.2 dollar per share) returns on their shares over a long-term period (Emily 128). Since the yield on KIMCO shares is consistent over a long period of time, KIMCO shares offer a better alternative to investment that treasury rates. Figure 2 shows the value of 10 year bond treasury rates in previous years. As it can be seen below, the value of treasury rates has significantly decreased over the past years. On the other hand, the value of KIMCO shares is steadily increasing due to increasing equity t here. It is therefore more profitable to invest in performing REIT shares, such as KIMCO shares, than in treasury bonds. Short term investors can exploit the large MOAT capacity at KIMCO to sell shares at a much higher price in the future. The cap rate of KIMCO stands at a healthy 6%. Moreover, long term investors can hope for consistent returns on invested shares. Still, it is important to note that at an average of 20 dollars, KIMCO shares remain overvalued. A theoretical valuation of KIMCO shares yields a market value of about 15 dollars. Since KIMCO shares are currently trading above their theoretical value, some stock market analysts are advising investors to wait for the stock value of KIMCO shares to fall before buying. However, a consistent and a high dividend payout may contribute to a high value of REIT shares (Emily 128). Although a fluctuation in real estate prices (as it happened at the start of the US economic crisis) may affect real estate companies including REITs, t he focus of REITs on property management can help to limit the risk of property fluctuations (they can always generate income by running business properties). Figure 2: Graph showing the value of treasury rates (10 year) from 1980-2010 Figure 3: Five Year Share Chart Key Ratios As observed earlier, KIMCO is among the US REITS with a low leverage ratio. Currently, KIMCO’s leverage ratio stands at a healthy 0.8%. KIMCO is showing signs of improvement over the past years due to a falling leverage ratio. For example, the leverage ratio has decreased from 1.25 in 2008 to just 0.8 in 2012. KIMCO’s cape rate (return on capital rate) is also very healthy at 6.0%. On the other hand the WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) discount rate for KIMCO group is 10.0%. Financial Recap Figure 4: Financial Recap for KIMCO: 52 Weeks Period Component Value Range of Share Value 19.3-19.6 Average Volume 3.2 Million Market Capitalization 7.6 billion dollars Price per Earning R atio $65 Dividend /Yield 0.2/4.3 Total shares 407.61 Million Percentage of Shares owned by Institutes 97% Generally, the data above shows a healthy financial performance at the KIMCO group. Importantly, multiple parameters above ascertain the capacity of KIMCO group to perform consistently in the coming years. For example, the share price of KIMCO group is within a stable range. Besides, most of the shares at KIMCO group (97%) are held by institutions; thus, helping to stabilize the share price of KIMCO shares due to the long term interest of institutions. Apart from having a significant rate of yield return, KIMCO returns considerable dividends from yields; hence, offering a good opportunity for real security investment (Andrew 87). Legal Risks Like other business corporations, REITs can encounter multiple legal risks. Since KIMCO and other US REITs are mainly international companies, a conflict in different legal provisions within countries of operation can frustrate thei r operations. Besides, the business of acquiring and running properties can easily result in multiple legal disputes on ownership. To mitigate legal risks, REITs functionalities must limit themselves to legal procedures, rules, and provisions in areas of operation (Emily 128). Conclusion Because of their versatility and capacity to serve business communities, REITs provide a better alternative of investing in real estate than other segments of the real estate such as the housing segment. Moreover, REITS provide a framework where the input of the management has a great bearing on performance than other real estate investments. REITS will thus continue to offer multiple opportunities for investment in real estate securities. The success of REITs can be enhanced through the creation of economies that have necessary support infrastructures such as non-hostile tax rates, a suitable legal environment, and a robust business environment. Works Cited Andrew, Robert 2012. Investors, PDF file. 7 Nov. 2012 Investors.morningstar.com Deloitte. REITs and Infrastructural Projects: the next Investment Frontier, New York: McMillan, 2011. Print Emily, Jones. The risk of REITs Securities, Washington: McMillan, 2011. Print This research paper on Real Estate Investment Trusts: KIMCO was written and submitted by user Aria N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Illad essays

The Illad essays "The Iliad", an epic tale told by the famous Greek author Homer, is focused primarily on the Trojan War between the Greeks, or Argives, and the Trojans. This war was filled with bloody battles and a massive loss of life. Homer tells stories about a duration of time during this fighting, and not the entire war. He uses his story-telling abilities to focus the audience on the garish and sometimes mundane drudgery of war. Due to his removal from the actual time of these battles, his stories may be embellished or not completely accurate descriptions of what did or did not happen. Overall, however, the Iliad is believed to be mostly true. Homer was born, most likely, in the 8th Century B.C. He is widely believed to be the best and most popular of the Ionian poets. His birthplace is not known beyond a doubt. Some have even said that he may have been blind. This idea has its share of critics though, since Homer details specific landscape scenes all throughout his works, and most of his writing is focused on the vision of the scene in which he describes. Homer relies heavily on descriptions to get his points across to the audience. In Homer's time, stories were told orally. Therefore, as a good writer, he attempted to write eloquently to convey to the audience the overall feeling of his stories. William Shakespeare did the same thing in his writing. Shakespeare knew that his work was going to be performed, and that his audience was predominantly illiterate. He knew that if he created a quality story and told it in an interesting way, he would gain greater popularity by allowing those who didn't understand to be entertained anyway. Homer used this to his advantage in his time also through the use of elaborate descriptions of battles and scenes, and with similes and metaphors. The similes and metaphors of The Iliad, in my opinion, are the real attention-grabbing parts of the story. Homer's descriptions using similes are mostly very deta...

Talking Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Talking Styles - Essay Example 1). The more sync functions words are used by partners, the more their relationships are sustained; the lesser the match, the greater the indication of waning relationship. I definitely agree to the results of the research that language style matching is an indication of people liking each other through the same manner of speech, the same words chosen for conversation, and the same level of conversational competencies. However, in addition to the function words that were indicated, I believe that the similarity in background or experiences contribute to the similarity in words or topics for everyday conversations. The results of the Language Style Matching (LSM) developed by Pennebaker Conglomerates, Inc. which tested the similarity of languages used by me and a close friend generated an above average score of 0.76, which, according to the website determines the level of similarity between us using language as the parameter (Pennebaker Conglemerates, Inc., N.D. ). Again, I agree beca use this close friend of mine had been sharing life’s experiences and the joys and trials of life for a long time now.

Early Childhood Educator and NAEYC Code of ethics Essay

Early Childhood Educator and NAEYC Code of ethics - Essay Example Although everything written in the Code of Ethics is significant to the well-being of children, some stood out for me among the rest. Some are on the issues of children’s assessment. I 1.6 states: â€Å"To use assessment instruments and strategies that are appropriate for the children to be assessed, that are used only for the purposes for which they were designed, and that have the potential to benefit children†. I 1.7 states: â€Å"To use assessment information to understand and support children’s development and learning, to support instruction and to identify children who may need additional services† (Decker, Decker, Freeman, and Knorpf, 2009, p. 356). For several years in the past, assessment techniques were limited to written quizzes, exams, oral recitation, individual and group projects, etc. Assessment methods either fall under the more traditional approaches that expect students to regurgitate information previously fed to them or authentic asses sment that traverse a wider range of academic disciplines and skills as well as assessment approaches that attempt to evaluate the â€Å"whole child† in a wide span of application of his knowledge and abilities (Darling-Hammond et al, 1993). Although the basic assumption behind traditional and authentic assessment is common, which is to develop prolific citizens, the former approach tests the students on the possession of certain knowledge while the latter tests the students on the application of knowledge. Consistent with constructivist philosophy, authentic assessment entrusts the reins of learning to the students. They â€Å"are required to provide rigorous intellectual commitment and perseverance, and teachers must continually connect student’s previous and current knowledge to the emerging curriculum† (Wescombe-Down, n.d., n.p). Hence, assessment methods should include learner-centred activities

The Caregiver Chosen by God Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Caregiver Chosen by God - Dissertation Example The situation becomes even more complicated if the patient is the caregiver’s own mother who had to deal not only with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia but also with a leg amputation. Providing this special patient the continuum of care while ensuring the patient’s comfort and dignity, is profoundly challenging and physically taxing (Lindstrom, et al., 2011). Further confounding the intricacy of caregiving for a family member is the negativity connoted in the workplace for employees who are honest enough to disclose their dual role as caregivers of the elderly at home, in terms of promotions and pay raises (Hendershott, 2000). This researcher had first hand experience in this regard, to the point of having lost both her job and her house. It is not unusual, though, that despite awareness of the travails of caregivers, many good-hearted individuals are being drawn towards this line of work. The essence of care giving dates back to biblical times as recounted by Je sus Christ, himself, in his parable of the good Samaritan (Luke 10:29-37). The good Samaritan took care of a wounded man he passed by on the roadside, offered the man a place to stay and commissioned someone to take care of the man until he is well.

Introduction To Forensic Science

Introduction To Forensic Science Over the past decades, Forensic science has evolved and has been embraced by most states as a vital constituent of modern legal practice. It is widely used in courts as a major source for the outcome of a verdict. Forensic science has attained a merit of its own although it is relatively new in the jurisprudence world. As technology and science have evolved with time, more and new methodologies and practices in law realm have been established. In United States (U.S.) specifically, the application of utilizing forensic analysis has become a routine (James,2009). The rate at which forensic evidence is used in criminal courts depends on the type of offence. For example, for murder cases forensic science evidence is presented almost always. In criminal cases, a prosecution team commissions most of the forensic assignments. On the other hand, the legal team of the defendant can commission forensic assignments to challenge or check the prosecutions forensic evidence or to determine the innocence of the defendant. Forensic evidence has enabled to link offenders to their victims and crime scenes using physical evidence and also in identifying individuals without peer. With perspiration, a fleck of blood, saliva on a cups rim, a piece of hair among others has been successfully used to link a suspect to a crime. Innocent and wrongly accused individuals have been exonerated using such evidences. Persons who have been jailed for years have later been exonerated after DNA analysis has been carried out to prove their innocence. To yield positive results, crime laboratories have enforced professionalism, adopted reliable procedures and coordinated with both the legal and the scientific communities. Presently, for a scientific system to be accepted before a court, the evidence derived from it does not have to go through a prescribed test. For future admissibility of scientific evidence in court to be shaped, development of more newer and advanced forensic tools and techniques is being embraced as technology and time progresses. Thus, courts are increasingly relying more on scientific evidence to deliver a judgment. Problems Associated with Forensic Science and DNA Evidence. Evidences of forensic science should always be neutral. Scientists should not have any stake in the case outcome though this is not always the case. Numerous deficiencies have threatened to limit forensic services to the society and have therefore weakened its presumed scientific foundation. Below are some of the major problems in forensic science and DNA testing: Astounding Frequency of Cross-Contamination and Sample Mix-Ups A surprisingly high rate of errors in the laboratory is one of the emerging problems which involves cross-contamination and mix-up of DNA samples. Such errors appear to be persistent and crop up even in the accredited DNA labs. The forensic scientists though have managed to reduce such instances and thus the rate of DNA testing errors have been claimed to be low thus negligible, but growing evidence suggests otherwise. Bad Laboratories Uneven state of forensic DNA labs is another recognized chronic problem. Labs differ significantly in the care with which they authenticate their methods and the severity with which they are carried out. Procedures that are followed religiously in quality assurance and quality control in some laboratories are disregarded or followed constantly in others. Bad laboratories have always been there but detection of their shoddy work has always been complex (Neubauer, 2009),. This is because such labs are in jurisdictions which have traditionally safeguarded crime labs from external examination. For example according to Strutin: It is now recognized that the Houston Police Department (HPD) Crime laboratory did grossly inadequate incompetent and biased DNA and serology work for well over a decade before a team of television journalists exposed the problems in late 2002. Dishonest DNA Analysts Test results are at times falsified by deceitful DNA Analysts. This emerging problem has led to the analysts faking test outcome to cover up errors that come up from sample mix-ups and cross-contamination of DNA samples. Connecting the evidence and the suspect Nuclear DNA analysis being an exception, there is no other forensic method that has severely shown the capacity to persistently, with a high degree of assurance, exhibit a connection between a specific individual or source and the evidence. For instance, fingerprint analyses have more available research and conventional protocols than for bite marks analysis. There are also notable variations within the disciplines. For instance, all fingerprints evidence is not equally good reason being that the determination of a true value evidence is the latent fingerprint image quality. These disparities within and between the forensic systems disciplines bring to light a serious problem in the forensic community. Inadequate legal counsel is another major problem DNA testing will not solve. In some instances, defense counsel never consulted scientific experts. DNA Analysis in the forensic science is taking a slow speed on its road to admissibility. Insufficient funds are evident in certain jurisdictions and they therefore cannot send evidence items to private labs or establish own lab. Labs that perform tests have often had backlogs measured in months. A great burden is imposed by defense counsel, prosecutors and courts on labs time in discovery battles that often transpire when there are upcoming new techniques on forensic scenes. Though valuable forensic DNA evidence can be found in decades old samples, the DNA left in scenes of crime can be affected by factors like: sunlight, bacteria, moisture and heat among others. As a result, such DNA may not be used to give evidence and just like the fingerprints, analysts will not use DNA testing to give the time period when a suspect was at the scene of crime or at what time the suspect was there. Exoneration Based on DNA Evidence Cases that would have been impossible to prosecute before the arrival of DNA typing are now prosecuted. A number of states created DNA data bases on offenders that are known which they compare against unsettled crimes. Matches are provided from their databases which assist to successfully prosecute a handful of them. Persons wrongly convicted are exonerated by use of DNA which is termed as a legislative reform movement. Convictions can be successfully challenged using DNA analysis on existing evidence. To ensure that testimony and results can withstand rigorous examination and that they are of high caliber, high standards are maintained for the collection and preserving of evidence. DNA methodology of testing must also meet precise scientific criteria for accuracy and reliability. In future, we expect miniaturized portable instrumentation to provide crime scene analysis that will be computer-link remote analysis. This will allow quick identification and rapid elimination of innocent suspects. Availability of markers will also be needed to identify physical qualities of the DNA contributor. Using this information, it will be easy to narrow a suspect search with increase in efficiency and accuracy of operation. Conclusion It is clear that the United States justice system depends on the use of natural science-based forensic evidence, and admissibility is simply one of the steps evidence must satisfy to be utilized in the justice system. In the near future, it is very likely that the admissibility of science as evidence will be challenged in the United States Supreme Court as technology develops and allows researchers to gain precise results and understanding of the human body. At the present, it is too early to determine whether the Federal Rules of Evidence are outdated, however this does not mean that the construct of the legislation should not be reexamined. Forensic analysis, though controversial in many aspects, constitutes a primary source of information for the tier of fact when determining a verdict for a case. Thus, natural science-based forensic evidence should be carefully studied and examined thoroughly in order for justice to be properly achieved.

Existentialist Views on Death Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Existentialist Views on Death What is Existentialism? Existentialism is a philosophy developed chiefly in the 20th century that attempts find meaning in a seemingly meaningless world. The central theme of existentialism is that an individual must assume all responsibilities for his or her acts of free will without any absolute knowledge of what is right or wrong. Existentialism analyzes this somewhat dismal situation mankind has been thrown into, and produces a model for how an individual should live his or her life. However, why should someone attempt to live a life of morals and meaning in a cold and indifferent world? An analysis of existentialist views on death may lead to an answer to this question. A Brief History of Existentialism Existentialism developed from the ideas of Rene Descartes and his contemporary Blaise Pascal. Pascal rejected the rationalist attempt of Descartes to explain God and humanity, seeing that a systematic philosophy presuming this knowledge was a form of pride. He instead described life, like later existentialist writers, in terms of paradoxes (Akram). Soren Kierkegaard, the first philosopher to refer to himself as existential, developed a philosophy in reaction to the absolute idealism of G. W. F. Hegel. Instead of claiming a rational understanding of the human situation, Kierkegaard stressed the ambiguity and absurdity of it. He asserted that the only way to survive in this situation is for an individual to lead a totally committed life, where this commitment could only be understood by the individual. A person must be prepared to defy social norms in order to serve the higher authority of a personally valid way of life. Being a Christian, Kierkegaard advocated that this commitment sh... ...s are lacking. One fears his or her inevitable finiteness for fear of being unable to transcend existence. These fears cause anxiety, which eventually leads to the reality that ultimate despair means necessary existence. This gives mankind courage to realize its finitude and mobilizes it into action. By fighting death, man will eventually find a satisfactory way to transcend it. Works Cited Akram, Tanweer. Existentialism. 18 January 1991. 6 March 2001. http://www.columbia.edu/~ta63/exist.htm. Green, Celia. The Human Evasion. 6 March 2001. http://www.deoxy.org/evasion/toc.htm. Kemerling, Garrth. Philosophy Pages. 1997-2001. 6 March 2001.http://www.philosophypages.com/. Koestenbaum, Peter. The Vitality of Death. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Company, 1971. Pratt, Alan. Nihilism. 1999. 6 March 2001. http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/n/nihilism.htm.

Critical Review of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 1932-1940 by William E. Leuchtenburg.

Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 1932-1940. by William E. Leuchtenburg. Harper & Row, 1963. The Great Depression created a political landscape in the United States that demanded bold action, calling forth people ready and willing to challenge the conventional establishment and allowing them to thrive. Franklin Delano Roosevelt is the prime example of how adversity creates a forging ground were dynamic individuals shape history. In his book Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal Leuchtenburg meticulously describes how Roosevelt changed American during his first two terms and cast some light on why he was the one to succeed in holding the great responsibility of steering the country through the depression without blind praise or unjustified criticism. The author, William E. Leuchtenburg, was born in the early 1920s, therefore was old enough to remember the atmosphere in which the New Deal was happening, though not from the standpoint of an adult, giving him the edge of knowing the actual feel of the era over a younger historian. This may also account for his admiration of Roosevelt, as he often expresses in his book Roosevelt was widely popular amongst a majority of Americans at the time. He has written several books mainly centered around Roosevelt and became a distinguished professor of history at the University of North Carolina. He has also served as President of the American Historical Association. There is no doubt that he is very qualified to write a book on the subject of Roosevelt and even though he obviously is a great admirer of the President, he never shies away from pointing out Roosevelt’s flaws. Leuchtenburg begins by setting the stage that brought Roosevelt into power by describing the Great Depression and how the Hoover administration handled it, not completely negatively stating â€Å"no president ever worked harder in the White House than Herbert Hoover. † Here he first describes Roosevelt with a brief history and leads into how he became President, describing his energy and charisma as key factors. It becomes evident that Leuchtenburg painstakingly presents rounded historical facts to eliminate the chances of a biased presentation and continues to do so through out the book, often leaving a quarter of a page of footnotes. The third chapter is were Roosevelt’s presidency begins. Leuchtenburg describes â€Å"The Hundred Days† were the new president rushed to try to turn the country around with a flood of new legislation and bold acquisition of executive power. He does a good job at pointing out how some legislation, such as the emergency banking bill, passed with little opposition and how other legislation was shaped by opposition or, in the case of the NRA, was generated to curb legislation Roosevelt didn’t favor. Successes and failures are pointed out proportionally and the reasons behind the fate of much of the Roosevelt administrations actions is often speculated on in a well informed and unbiased manner. After much about legislation and policy Leuchtenburg moves to describing those who would challenge Roosevelt and how they shaped Roosevelt’s policies. The introduction of new conflicts here seemed to add a renewed sense of urgency to the book which, along with the extravagance and extremist views of characters such as Hugh Long, managed to renew the pace of the reading. The book goes on to describe interest of lower classes such as laborers and migrant farmers and how Roosevelt was pulled more to the left for what is known as â€Å"The Second Hundred Days† and of course describes the process of securing reelection. Social Security is addressed in a surprisingly negative manner, â€Å"In many respects, the law was an astonishingly inept and conservative piece of legislation† he goes on explaining â€Å"by relying on regressive taxation and withdrawing vast sums to build up reserves, the act did untold economic mischief. † This provides both a prime example of his unbiased approach to the subject and his tendency to ensure no statement goes unexplained. This is broken up by a chapter on foreign policy and continued with Roosevelt’s struggles with the Supreme Court and an increasingly dissident congress before leading up to what would become World War 2 and concludes by outlining what Leuchtenburg believes to be the important points of the New Deal. To begin with, the book takes on a pretty heavy load, and does so in a thorough manner. This leads it into being pretty dense, it is definitely dense enough to through off anyone who is not a serious history student from reading it cover to cover. Leuchtenburg definitely did his best to get all he could into one book, which is a good thing from a research point of view, but makes it unwieldy for a casual reader. There are times I could have done with less information, thankfully I had notes on hand while reading to supplement the book or else I would have become lost in the barrage being tossed out at the thickest sections. This is amplified by the fact the book sometimes goes quite a few degrees of separation from its core subject, or could be more accurately titled â€Å"Roosevelt 1932-1940†. This is evident in chapter 9, which is centered more on the politics of foreign policy, and not just in ways that had a direct effect on New Deal policies. I feel if the book were trimmed down a little more it would make it a lot more accessible, thus justifying the narrower scope. In addition, this would provide more room to hammer in the more relevant subjects with brief overviews so readers such as myself without an in-depth prior knowledge of the New Deal could better understand its intricacies without going back between chapters after these breaks in subject. However, he does his best to make the book flow, especially by keeping it in chronological order for the most part. He mainly departs from this structure when he is explaining policies and events which are usually better explained grouped together, such as foreign policy. Assuming Leuchtenburg did not have a casual reading audience in mind when he wrote the book, its weightiness s not a major downfall. Also, Leuchtenburg does put forth a great deal of effort to provide balanced information. He says himself that â€Å"the New Deal left many problems un solved and even created some perplexing new ones. † It is common for him to follow up a list of success with a list of flaws, or vice-versa. I think he does such a good job at this because he keeps things in a historical perspective. For example, while it is easy to criticize Roosevelt’s initial shying away from government spending or break from the gold standard now, back when there was little precedent for these actions these must have seemed much more radical. This shows a thorough knowledge of the limitations of our government that extremist often ignore. By using an objective view his argument that Roosevelt was ultimately successful despite his downfalls is a thousand times more convincing than a biased pro-Roosevelt outlook would have been. On the other hand, this creates a calm, collected view through out the book which is not as invigorating as more sensational works and fails to incite as strong an emotional response . While not necessarily a negative as far as historical accuracy, it takes away from the books ability to provide enjoyment making it easier to put down. Overall, I believe Leuchtenburg did a good job at explaining such a large, intricate subject without it either reading like an unending encyclopedia of events or skeletal time line, he expresses his opinion in a unobtrusive fashion that maintains historical accuracy and balance and avoids sensationalism, and even though its not flashy it does its job. Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal is a very informative book that provides a convincing argument that Roosevelt and the New Deal were a positive turning point in American history. Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 1932-1940. by William E. Leuchtenburg. Harper & Row, 1963. (13) Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 1932-1940. by William E. Leuchtenburg. Harper & Row, 1963. (132) Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 1932-1940. by William E. Leuchtenburg. Harper & Row, 1963. (346)

Imagery and symbols Essay

Quotations from the text are in italics. ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ is a play enriched with imagery and full of expressionism: it shows the world through the characters’ emotions rather than how they literally perceive it. Throughout this play, Tennessee Williams uses various forms of imagery and symbolism to explain and highlight themes and moods. The play often uses symbols to accentuate the thoughts and emotions of the characters, and it is these expressionist elements that I will go on to discuss in this essay. In this piece of writing, I will not only look at the imagery used and the meaning behind it, I will also try to evaluate its role in the functioning of the play. The main motifs of symbolism used in this play are: o Light o Heat o Music o Colour o Titles & Names o Clothes o Reference to animals The most significant imagery in the play is the use of light and shade in the play. Light is, in many ways, a playwright’s biggest asset: light (or the lack thereof) can denote tension, fear, and suspense and can be used to draw the audience, to rivet their attention on a certain point. In ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’, Tennessee Williams, while using it for all of the above reasons, manipulates light in a unique way: light is a physical manifestation of the truth. For this reason, Blanche hates light, she is afraid it will destroy her illusions: ‘I don’t’ want realism.’ By looking at light as synonymous with truth we can see her aversion to light stems from her desire for magic (‘I’ll tell you what I want. Magic!’). Blanche’s disgust at naked light bulb (‘I can’t stand a naked light bulb, any more than I can a rude remark or vulgar action.’) expresses her inability to face reality, and so she puts ‘a paper lantern over the light’: the paper lantern which represents her illusions, and the faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade she presents to the rest of the world. Stanley has no patience with her fantasies, and so ‘he tears the paper lantern off the light bulb.’ This action of his is a symbol for his revealing her true self. There is also a more apparent and less subtle reason for Blanche’s terror of light: she wants is very subconscious about her age, and she has fears of being scrutinised under the ‘merciless glare’ of the light. Light also has other connotations in the play. For Blanche, it represents first love. When she was very young ‘the searchlight’ was switched on, and after Allan’s death it suddenly went off again, after which ‘never for one moment has there been a light stronger’ than the soft glow of a candle. Through this we can clearly see that the tragic events of her past, and the loss of her first love, have led to Blanche’s fear and intense loathing of light: she was dazzled by love early in life, and after Allan’s death, she avoided all light. For Blanche there is a difference between the soft shimmer of the candle, which she takes comfort in, and the harsh glare of the light bulb. This leads to another, more obscure, connotation of light in the play. If the light bulb represents reality, then the candle represents hope. Blanche acknowledges that ‘candles aren’t safe’, and she associates the burning out of the candle with the loss of innocence, ‘and after that happens, electric light bulbs go on and you see too plainly’. Therefore, she associates light (reality) with the loos of innocence, specifically hers which was cruelly snatched away from her at Allan’s death. This fear of light/ reality portrays her inability to grasp anything real or solid, which is demonstrated when she gasps at her reflection in the mirror. As can be seen, the symbol of light has a major role in the play, and it is impossible to conceive how the play would even function without it. Therefore, we can see that, in the case of the motif of light, the imagery and symbolism related thereof is very important in the play. Another form of symbolism in the play, and closely linked to light, is the theme of heat. This time, however, the imagery is just not related to Blanche, it relates to many of the main characters in the play. In ‘A Streetcar named desire’, heat represents different individuals response to their body image. Stanley is confident, assured about his image, full of ‘power and pride’, and his level of comfort with his physical image is the reason why he easily says, ‘my clothes’re sticking to me’. He sums up his outlook on his self-image when he says ‘Be comfortable is my motto’. In this play, heat is also used to accentuate the differences between the characters, and the differences between Mitch and Stanley are emphasised in this way. Stanley simply says ‘Do you mind if I make myself comfortable’, whereas Mitch says he is ‘ashamed of the way he perspires’. This reference to heat by both characters shows us the difference between them. It also shows that, if Stanley’s body image is bold, brash and confident, Mitch’s is shy, clumsy and insecure. Blanche’s issue with her appearance has already been glimpsed in the previous section, through her trying to conceal her age and wilting beauty. This can be discussed in greater detail from the perspective of the motif of heat. Stella says that Blanche takes baths to ‘cool down’, which seems to directly relate to the motif heat. However, is that really why Blanche bathes so often? Some critics feel that Blanche’s frequent bathing is a vent for her feelings of guilt over her stained past. Perhaps her frequent bathing is a result of her preoccupation with washing away sins and making a ‘fresh start’. She likes bathing because it makes her feel like ‘a brand new human being’. However, I disagree with this interpretation, as Blanche herself does not feel she has done anything wrong: ‘I don’t tell the truth, I tell what ought to be the truth. And if that is sinful, let me be damned for it!’ Therefore, it is unlikely that her bathing is a result of her guilt. In my opinion, her frequent bathing is a result of her insecurity about her age and appearance. She herself states that the baths are a form of ‘hydrotherapy’: it assuages her fears of her tarnishing beauty. Overall, although the symbol of heat is not as major or well-developed a theme as light, it enriches the play and adds many nuances to the personalities of the characters. Names and titles are also used symbolically in this play. One critic has said that ‘Essentially this is a play about Desire and Death and the effect these have on the human soul.’ From this, and indeed simply from the title, we can see that Desire is an important theme. This theme is portrayed through the imagery of ‘A streetcar named Desire’. In his own life in New Orleans, Williams observed two streetcars (trams), one named desire, the other called cemetery. As he observed their movement, he was impressed by the symbolism of this and their relevance to life in general. In ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’, ‘Desire’ and ‘Cemetery’ are two journeys we make in life: one towards our desires, our hopes, dreams and ambitions, and another toward the cemetery, through death (‘they told me to take a streetcar named Desire, and then transfer to one called Cemetery. These streetcar titles are especially relevant to Blanche and her past life. She has travelled on ‘Desire’ to get here: it is because of her lustful desires that she is in a position wherein she has to come to Elysian Fields to live with her sister. Other names and titles also hold significance in this play. ‘Elysian Fields’ is a name that brings an image of peace and tranquillity, which is a definite contrast to the violent actions of the habitants of ‘Elysian Fields’. ‘Elysian Fields’ also indicates a resting place for the dead, and this once again reflects symbolically on the themes of Desire and Death. The last significant name in this play is the title of the plantation, ‘Belle Reve’. Earlier on I looked at hope from the point of view of Blanche, and we can see that ‘Belle Reve’ is a personification of that hope, as ‘Belle Reve’ means beautiful dream. For Blanche, when she looses ‘Belle Reve’, she has fully lost all her hopes and dreams, and her journey of ‘Desire’ begins to come to a halt, and her journey towards the ‘Cemetery’ begins. In general, the symbolism of titles and names is essential to the theme of the play, and therefore holds a great deal of importance in this play.

Why You Should Experience BookBub.com

Why You Should Experience BookBub.com If you are an avid reader and have not yet explored BookBub.com, consider this your lucky day. Not only is the service free- its an incredible way to find new books recommended by your favorite authors and amazing deals on e-books within your preferred genres. Whether you are in a book club and looking for great suggestions or simply organizing your shut in for the Winter reading list, youre sure to find exactly what you need through one of BookBub.coms many reader resources.What Is BookBub?Think of BookBub as your own personal shopper who knows your reading taste well and has an eye for great deals. While the service doesnt actually sell books, it provides curated lists and handpicked recommendations based on your personal profile and the genre selections you choose. It then provides links to purchase the e-books from any number of e-book retailers available.Signing up is as simple as creating a BookBub profile. After submitting your email address, the website guides you through a g enre selection page that asks you to check off your preferred genre (fiction and non-fiction are included). Following this selection, youre guided to a page that lists both new and bestselling authors within those genres. You can then follow specific authors to receive curated news and e-book purchase links focused on the author(s) of your choice.For a trial run, I selected the category Psychological Thriller and was shown the following page of authors in that genre:The results of my BookBub.com trial run.Note that you can choose as many genres and authors as you like on these selection pages, but I limited it to one genre to get a feel for how BookBub is set up.Finally, since BookBub doesnt sell the e-books on their site, youll need to choose with e-book retailer you typically use to download e-books. The selection I was given included Amazon Kindle, Barnes Noble Nook, Apple Books, Google Play and Kobo. Once you make a selection, when BookBub shows you deals, it will limit the sel ections to the retailer(s) you choose. This is especially useful if you have a subscription or discount package with a specific e-book retailer.Your personal BookBub pageOnce you choose your preferred genre(s), author(s), and e-book retailer(s), youre taken to a personal BookBub page that immediately shows great e-book deals available for books within your chosen categories and retailers. Its really that simple. In addition to your personal recommendation page, BookBub also gives you the option to receive weekly email updates showing the currently available deals within your chosen genre(s). Many of the options I was shown were available for a few dollars or less! You really cant beat that, especially if you read a lot and prefer to own your own digital copies of your favorite books.DealsIn the menu at the top of the screen on the BookBub website, youll find tabs that make the site easy to navigate. One of my personal favorite tabs is Deals, in which a single click will take you to a page showing recent deals on e-books in the genre(s) of your choosing- many of which are free! Thats right, you read that correctly. Through the BookBub Deals tab, you will be able to find e-books within your favorite genre(s) to download and read absolutely free. The other deals on the page included many titles that were 99 cents or a few dollars, at most. Its like having a library at your fingertips, except you get to keep the books you download.BookBub offers links to great e-book deals.How are these deals selected?Since BookBub offers deals showing books within specific categories, I was interested to learn how these deals are chosen. After digging a bit into the site, I found the following information:Publishers and authors submit hundreds of book deals every day for consideration. BookBubs editorial team reviews each of these submissions in detail to determine the best ones, taking into account a number of factors, including the books critical acclaim, price point, reader re views, author background, and cover design. The editorial team evaluates the subject matter of a book based on historical reader reaction for that genre. Only 10-20% of submissions are selected to be featured on BookBub.BookBub.comReal-time updates from your favorite authorsAnother great perk to the website is the real-time updates from the favorite authors you choose when you set up your account. If the author(s) you choose has a new release or a pre-order available, BookBub will alert you by email and on your personal recommendation page. The individual author pages also show all of the books that have been previously published by that author, along with links to download the digital copies of them.You can also see other BookBub members who follow your favorite author, along with any recommendations given by those members. In this sense, BookBub is a social hub allowing avid readers to find fellow like-minded bookworms who can offer suggestions for their next great read.Recommenda tionsIn addition to the great deals, BookBub alerts you to recommendations from your favorite authors, BookBub editors, and your friends and family (if they are registered on the site, as well). For more well-known authors, such as Gillian Flynn, the site does note that some of these recommendations have not come directly from the author (unless the author has claimed his or her BookBub page). Rather, the information was collected from a data partner. I did notice, however, that many of the author pages contained recommendations that came directly from the author.The BookBub blogWith multiple new posts per week, the BookBub blog is a well-rounded resource for book lovers interested in knowing the latest and greatest reads on the market. From exclusive excerpts to best of lists, the blog contains hundreds of curated lists and reading suggestions sure to keep you (or any book club youre a part of) busy delving into great stories.The BookBub blog offers great best of lists.One of the b est features of the blog that I noticed is that each best of list or book suggested includes handy options to note whether you want to add the book to your wish list, you want to read it, youre currently reading it, or youre not interested, along with a link to purchase the book on one of the e-book platforms mentioned previously. This allows you to curate your personal selections even further, as well as recommend the book to others (if its one youve already read). If youve invited friends or family to join BookBub, this is a great way to know the perfect gift to purchase for birthday or holiday celebrations, since they can add books to their wish list directly from the blog posts they read.Here is a sampling of some of the most recent blog articles available on the site. Most of these are from December (to give you an idea of the frequency of blog posts on the BookBub website):The Most Heartbreaking Books Coming in 201923 of the Best Books for Second GradersThe Most Anticipated Bo oks of 201916 Books Recommended by BookBub Employees This Year25 of the Best Debut Novels of 20187 Things To Know About Mary Poppins Returns7 Royal Historical Books Recommended by Jennifer RobsonThe New York Public Librarys Most Checked-Out Books of 201824 of the Best Romance Books of the Year30 Gifts for Every Book Lover in Your Life31 Bookish Gift Ideas for Book LoversThe Best Classic Novels of All Time, According to BookBub ReadersForbes Announces the Highest-Paid Authors of the Year6 Books I Read in Under 48 Hours This Year19 of the Best Psychological Thrillers of 2018BookBub Editors Share Their Favorite Books of the Year34 of This Years Highest Rated Books on BookBubRead an Exclusive Excerpt of Lisa Jewells Watching YouThe Best Historical Fiction Books of 2018Reese Witherspoon to Adapt Where the Crawdads SingMy general impressionAs an avid reader, I was especially excited to discover BookBub.com and the many reader resources it offered through a user-friendly website. The blog contained several useful articles and curated lists that will keep me busy with new reading material for a while. I was especially interested to find new authors within my favorite genre, and have access to multiple e-books that I could download for only a few dollars (and many for free). I also plan to recommend it as a marketing tool to several indie authors I know who are looking for ways to build their audience. I will be using the site often and recommending it to others who I know are voracious readers, as well.

Aircraft accident Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Aircraft accident - Term Paper Example The victim had serious burns on the face, stomach and hands. The other body parts had minor burns and stretch marks.   His shoes were scattered on the left hand side of his body and this tells that he dropped dead from the aircraft.   There were no signs of the victims trying to escape. The first victim was later identified as Mark Henderson. Body 2 was found towards to the tail of the aircraft just a few inches from the cockpit. The victim appeared to be a female adult aged 30-40 years. She was wearing a blue checked trouser and a sky blue top with long sleeves. The victim had severe burns on the face, back and hands. The other body parts had numerous bruises. There was a lot of blood oozing from the head and left arm. The victim was later identified as Jean Rhodes. No further evidence in form of body parts, clothes that was found to indicate the existence of the third person. The Forensic team was satisfied that the victims of the aircraft accident were two, a male and a female aged 30-40 years and having been on private jet, the victims might be probably be a couple on a vacation trip. According to the NTSB 830 reporting and preservation of aircraft wreckage, the jet crash site is fatal due to the death of the passengers on board. In addition, the death occurred during a flight. The lead investigator of NTSN arrived at the crime scene at 1440; two minutes earlier after our arrival, hence had no information on the initial happenings to the accident. According to the eyewitness- Peter and the police who had arrived.

Text in context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Text in context - Essay Example On an annual fishing trip, in isolated high country, Stuart, Rocco, Carl, and Billy find the body of a girl in the river. They think it is too late for them to report the case and decide not to get back to the road. Even all next day, they get too engrossed in their fishing engagement and do not bother going to report the case of the dead body they had found the previous evening. There is, in fact, a feeling among them that it doesn’t concern them so much; they don’t have to do it anyway (Carver 76). When they finally return home to report the case, their wives are shocked that they could find a dead human body and stay fishing all next day without caring to report the case early next if they thought it was too late to do so at the time they found it. What shocks the wives more is the fact they left the body lying there. The men, however, have an opinion that the girl had died and didn’t need help in her dead state anyway. Even if she did, it wasn’t going to be urgent as their wives wanted to make them believe. They just didn’t see anything they could do with a dead body that wasn’t feeling any pain anymore. Stewart’s wife Claire is the last to know. The plot becomes thicker and she already can tell that something horrible happened. Stuart refuses to admit it, neither is he even will to talk about it. There is a callousness about all of this which disturbs her deeply. Stewart is not convinced that he has done anything wrong. Claire’s faith in her relationship with her husband is shaken to the core. The men and their entire family, including their wives and kids start getting haunted by some bad spirits (Carver 77). This is the point they start feeling they hadn’t done something good, but it’s too late for them to do anything about it. There is totally no undoing it, at least not at this point. This turns out to be the heroic moment for Claire. She is the only one that’s able to understand that something extremely

Essential Benefits of a Successful Non-Profit Volunteer Program Research Paper

Essential Benefits of a Successful Non-Profit Volunteer Program - Research Paper Example However, a number of constraints thwart their aspirations making them dejected in spite of having the zeal to touch the sky. The discussion aims at highlighting the importance and relevance of non-profit volunteer programs in shaping the life of millions through effective guidance and support. It needs to be understood that non-profit organizations work for creating a difference in the society that is divided on the basis of power and affluence. There is very little doubt over the impact and importance of education in reducing the cultural gap and beliefs. Education is often considered as a stepping stone for shaping the life of children who are often regarded as the future of the world. However, there are a number of developing and under-developed nations taking little initiatives in raising the education standards in order to strengthening the minds of children (Drucker 65) It needs to be mentioned that the education system in countries like Nepal, Bangladesh, Zimbabwe, Pakistan an d other African nations are not up to the global standards that often affects the intellectual growth and development of children along with posing great threats to their economies. In order to create a robust economy, it is important to reinforce the education systems through private and government support in the present as well as in the future. Essential Benefits of Creating Non- Profit Volunteer Programs In a world, where needs and demands are often not fulfilled, there is a need of creating non-profit volunteers programs. Most organizations across the world work for the generation of profit that makes business, a give and take activity. A non-profit volunteer program works for fulfilling the needs and demands of people finding it hard to survive without any help and support. It needs to be mentioned that education is considered as the best tool to eradicate poverty and social imbalances. Some of the essential benefits of creating a non-profit organization include: Non-profit or ganizations work for the development of people and society irrespective of social status and constraints The services offered by these organizations often change the face of the society in an effective manner These organizations are well supported by the governments and private organizations These organizations act as a support system for people having little access to sources and resources Non-profit organizations cater to the needs and demands of that section of the society that is snubbed by others. It helps in creating awareness along with changing the life of millions Creation of Non-Profit organizations bridge the gap between the rich and poor in an effective manner In order to create a happy and prosperous world, it is important to uplift all sections of the society. Moreover, education system should be structured and designed well to create awareness on education and non-profit organizations engaged in such initiatives are the greatest hope Room to Read Room to Read is a dre am of changing the life of millions of children across the world by offering them education and a platform to launch their dreams in order to be successful and accountable for the societies and nations. It started in the year 1998 with a visit by John Wood to a Nepali School where the library shelves were empty holding no children’s books. This led to the creation of Room to Read focused on offering education to every child irrespective of his financial position and religion. Gradually, it became a movement to raise the education standards in every part of the world along with lending a helping hand to millions of innocent eyes hoping to become doctors, engineers and managers. The education movement

Article Review of “Fat and Happy” Essay Example for Free

Article Review of â€Å"Fat and Happy† Essay In â€Å"Fat and Happy: In Defense of Fat Acceptance,† Mary Ray Worley offers a poignant account of her participation in a conference held by the National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance. She compares attending this conference with visiting another planet. Until she had the opportunity to visit this other planet, she had not realized just how ostracized she felt. (Worley, element 1). Her participation in this conference made her realize that â€Å"20th century American society† (Worley, element 4) is very much responsible for the shame that she and other overweight individuals have been made to feel. While there are several aspects of society that contribute to the alienation of individuals who are overweight, Worley suggests that the medical field bears a great deal of the responsibility: â€Å"Although the data gathered for most current studies indicate that body size is primarily determined by one’s genetic makeup, most researchers conclude–in spite of their own findings–that fat individuals should try to lose weight anyway† (Worley, element 3). She than goes on to argue that oftentimes attempts to diet only result in more weight gain. Worley marvels that â€Å"apparently [scientists] cannot bring themselves to say that since body size is largely a result of one’s genetic makeup it’s best to get on with the business of learning to live in the body you have, whatever its size† (Worley, element 5). She also claims that doctors often make the situation worse: â€Å"Regardless of the ailment†¦your doctor may put you on a diet before she treats your cough† (Worley, element 6). I believe that Worley makes a good point regarding the medical profession, but there is indeed a great deal of research that links obesity with increased heart problems among other things, which Worley ignores in this essay. In her uplifting conclusion, Worley encourages overweight individuals to love their bodies despite what society may say about them. You’re entitled to the space you take up. You can find clothes that show off the gorgeous person you are, you can play and dance without self-consciousness, you can be proud of yourself and never dread unwanted attention, you can be a brave pioneer and a friend to those who have suffered on planets less kind and less joyous than this one (Worley, element 2). In light of the many forces that are stacked against overweight individuals in our society, Worley’s words of encouragement are astute and empowering.

Applications of Pneumatic Systems in Aircraft

Applications of Pneumatic Systems in Aircraft PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS Introduction When talking about pneumatic system, we need to talk about where the pneumatic system comes from and it comes from a power system, there are three different types of power systems, Hydraulic system Pneumatic system Electrical system Pneumatic systems in Aircrafts Pneumatic systems they are also known as vacuum or pressure systems, the power many functions which are important to the aircraft. Power instrument landing gear, flaps, windows, air conditioning, doors and auto pilot devises are some of many operations powered by pneumatic system. Pneumatic and hydraulic systems are similar and use compressed fluids. Fluid property could be liquids as water, oil, or something that flows. And both liquids and gases flow, since they are considered as fluids; however, there is a great deal of difference in the characteristics of the two. Liquids cannot be compressible; a quart of water still occupies about a quart of space regardless of how hard it is compressed. But gases can be compressed, a quart of air can be compressed into a thimbleful of space. Considering this differences gases and liquids are fluids and can be made to transmit power. The type of unit used to provide pressurized air for pneumatic systems is determined by the system’s air pressure requirements. Components in Pneumatic System Hydraulic systems are sometimes compared to, pneumatic systems but some similarities can only be true in general terms. Such as Pneumatic systems do not utilize reservoirs hand pumps accumulators regulators building normal pressure from engine or electrically driven power pumps But similarities do exist in some components. Air Compressors Simply an air compressor is a Pump that compresses air, its job is raising air pressure to above established pressure for use in pneumatic systems on some aircraft, air compressors have permanently installed and added to recharge air bottles when pressure is used to operate a unit. Several types of compressors that are used for this purpose. Some have three stages of compression, while the others have two, depending on the desired operating pressure. Relief Valves Relief valves are used to prevent damage. They act as a pressure limiting units and prevent bursting lines and blowing out seals from excessive pressures. Control Valves Control valves are also a necessary part of a typical pneumatic system. It is used to control conditions such aspressure, flow,temperature, andliquidlevel by fully or gradually opening or closing. Control Valve is also called a Final Control Element. Check Valves Check valves are used in both hydraulic and pneumatic systems. Check valve is also called a one way valve which allows pressurized air to enter the system, but it prevents backflow of air toward the Compressor when Compressor system is stopped which prevent loss of pressure in the system. Restrictors Restrictor is type of control valve used in pneumatic system. Figure below 1llustrates an orifice type restrictor which has a large inlet port and a small outlet port. The rate of the airflow and the speed of operation of the actuating unit will be reduce by the small outlet port. Variable Restrictor The variable restrictor is a type of speed regulating unit it contains an adjustable needle valve, therefore has threads around top and the lower end. Depending on the direction turned and the needle valve turns the sharp point either into or out the small opening to decrease or to increase the size of the opening. Since air entering the inlet port must be able to pass through this opening before reaching the outlet port adjustment determines the rate of airflow through the restrictor. PRESSURE REGULATOR The pressure regulator is to control the maximum pressure in the system and to off-load the compressor when the system is idle. Oil and Water Trap regulator The oil and water trap is designed to remove any water or oil which may be suspended in the air delivered by the compressor. Air Filters Air filters purpose is to prevent oil vapor, dirt or moisture from passing into the various services. It is installed vertically with the drain plug at the bottom. Some advantages are Prevent system contamination Remove air particulates Clean air is essential to good operation Figure 1. View of Cutaway air filter. Air entering the top of section first flows through the element to remove solid particles. Then flows in a circular motion, where centrifugal force separates water from the air stream, andthen the water falls to the filters sump. Storage Bottles Storage bottles act as a reservoir of compressed air which operates all services to pneumatic system. Compressors main use is to build up system pressure when it falls below normal pressure level. The size of the bottles are taken from the volume of actuators and pipelines determines required for the normal and emergency pneumatic services. Storage bottles are generally made of steel, and may use a wire wound construction for maximum strength. Light ally or fiberglass materials may be other typs of material wich will be used. Air Pump Heart of pneumatic system is pressure or vacuum air pump. Which is usually engine driven) There are two basic types: †¢Wet air pumps which use engine oil to lubricate pump internally †¢Dry air pumps which is more common more common have graphite vanes inside pump casing self-lubricate as pump rotates High pressure systems High pressure system is driven by an engine driven compressor feeds air from an unloading valve through the system keeping the pressure. The pressure around this system is 3000 psi but this will vary from manufacturer to another. There will usually also be a ground valve on the aircraft system to enable to pressurize when the main engines are not running. In high pressure systems air is normally stored in a metal bottles at pressures from 1000-3000 psi, depending on the particular aircraft system. Some high pressure systems are Oxygen lines Flaps Breaks Landing gear Low pressure systems Low pressure systems are pressurized up to 1000 psi and uses an engine driven vane type pump. They are may be used to drive Air cons door seals de-ice boots small low power applications Medium-Pressure Systems A medium-pressure pneumatic system usually does not include an air bottle. Instead, it draws air from the compressor section of a turbine engine. Which is generally around 50 to 150 psi This is often called bleed air process and is used to provide pneumatic power for engine starts, engine deicing, wing deicing, and in some cases, it provides hydraulic power to the aircraft systems but only if the hydraulic system is equipped with an air-driven hydraulic pump. Engine bleed air is also used to pressurize the reservoirs of the hydraulic system. Emergency Backup Systems Many aircraft use a high pressure pneumatic back up system source to extend the landing gear or actuate the brakes. And if main hydraulic braking system fails. Nitrogen gas is not directly used to actuate the landing gear or brake system units but applies the pressurized nitrogen to move hydraulic fluid to the actuator. This process is called pneudraulics. Nitrogen Bottles There are two bottles of nitrogen stored for emergency use, mostly bottles located on each side of nose wheel well. Actuation of an outlet valve released by Nitrogen from the bottles. Once depleted, maintenance personnel must recharge the bottles. Fully serviced pressure will be approximately 3,100 psi at 70  °F/21  °C, which is only enough for one extension of the landing gear. PNEUMATIC SYSTEM The illustrator below is a typical full pneumatic system as is used on a twin engine commuter transport aircraft. Each procedure is shown below in dot points Each of the two compressors is a four stage piston type pump, driven from the accessory gearbox of the two turboprop engines. Air is taken into the first stage through an air duct. It is compressed, then passes to the other three stages. From the fourth stage the discharge air is routed through an intercooler and a bleed valve to the unloading valve. The bleed valve is kept closed by engine oil pressure and in an event of a loss of an engine lubricating oil, the valve will open and relieve the pump of any load. The unloading valve maintains pressure between 2,900 and 3,300 psi in the system. When the pressure rises to 3,300 psi a check valve traps it and dumps the output of the pump air overboard. The pump is directed back into the system when the system pressure drops to 2,900 psi. The shuttle valve which is between the compressor and the main system makes it possible to charge the system from a ground source. When the pressure from the external source is higher than the external source of the compressor, when the engine is not running, the shuttle slides over and freezers the compressor. Compressed air system have moisture and this will condense and freeze when the pressure of the air is dropped for actuation because of this every bit of water must be removed from the air. Then a separator collects the water that is in the air on a baffle and holds it until the system is shut down. When the separator’s pressure drops below 450 psi, a drain valve operates and all of the accumulated water is blown overboard. Then an electric heater prevents the water collected in the separator from freezing. After the air leaves the moisture separator, about 98% of its water removed, it passes through a desiccant, or chemical drier, to remove the last traces of moisture. Before the air enters the actual operating system it is filtered through a 10 micron sintered metal filter. In the right engine nacelle a back pressure valve is installed. This is essentially a pressure relief valve in the supply line that does not open until the pressure from the compressor or ground charging system is above 1700 psi and this make sure that the moisture separator will operate most efficiently. The left side where there is no back pressure valve can be connected if it is required to operate the system from an external source of less than 1700 psi. There are three air storage bottles in this type of aircraft system, A 750 cu. Inch bottle for the main system A 180 cu. Inch bottle for normal brake operation A 180 cu. Inch bottle for emergency operation of the landing gear and brakes. Then come the mutually operated isolation valve which allows a technician to close off the air supply so that the system can be serviced without having to discharge the storage bottle. Most of the components in this system operate with pressure of 1000 psi so a pressure reducing valve is installed between the isolation valve and the supply manifold for normal operation of the landing gear passenger door drag brake propeller brake nose wheel steering Since this valve reduces the pressure to 1000 psi it also serves as a backup pressure relief valve. The emergency system stores compressed air under the full system pressure of 3,300 psi and supplies it for landing gear emergency extension. EMERGENCY BRAKE SYSTEM In a failure of the hydraulic system, the pilot of a large aircraft can operate a pneumatic valve on the instrument panel and direct compressed air or nitrogen into the brake system. When the pilot turns the handle, a regulator is adjusted that controls the air pressure to the brakes. When sufficient pressure reaches the brake line, the piston moves up against the force of the control spring and shuts off the inlet valve. The compression of the spring determines the amount of pressure supplied to the brake. When the brake handle is rotated in the direction to release the brakes, the air is exhausted overboard. Then rather than allowing compressed air to enter the wheel cylinder, which would require the entire brake system to be bled of air, the emergency air may be directed into a transfer tube. The air forces hydraulic fluid from the tube into the brake system. Emergency operation of the brakes is also achieved in many aircraft by the use of compressed air. When the pilot is sure that there is no hydraulic pressure to the brakes, the pneumatic brake handle, located on the left instrument panel, can be rotated. Clockwise rotation of this handle increases the brake pressure. Nitrogen pressure released by this control handle forces hydraulic fluid in the transfer tube into the main wheel brakes through shuttle valves. When the brake handle is rotated counterclockwise pressure is released and the nitrogen is exhausted overboard. http://www.engineerstudent.co.uk/uni_directional_flow_control_valve_symbols.html http://navyaviation.tpub.com/14018/css/14018_285.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_valve http://mech-engineer.blogspot.com.au/2009/05/drawworks-brake-system-training-course.html http://www.aliexpress.com/airbrush-compressor-regulator_reviews.html http://www.airid.com/high-volume-drain-valve.html http://basicaerospace.blogspot.com.au/2013/01/aircraft-pneumatic-system-for-beginners.html